1.test介绍

软件测试是一个应用软件质量的保证。开发者开发接口往往忽视接口单元测试。如果会Mock单元测试，那么你的bug量将会大大降低。spring提供test测试模块。整体上，Spring Boot Test支持的测试种类，大致可以分为如下三类：

单元测试：一般面向方法，编写一般业务代码时，测试成本较大。涉及到的注解有@Test。
切片测试：一般面向难于测试的边界功能，介于单元测试和功能测试之间。涉及到的注解有@RunWith @WebMvcTest等。
功能测试：一般面向某个完整的业务功能，同时也可以使用切面测试中的mock能力，推荐使用。涉及到的注解有@RunWith @SpringBootTest等。

功能测试过程中的几个关键要素及支撑方式如下：

测试运行环境：通过@RunWith 和 @SpringBootTest启动spring容器。
mock能力：Mockito提供了强大mock功能。
断言能力：AssertJ、Hamcrest、JsonPath提供了强大的断言能力。

2.代码工程

实验目的：验证cotroller和service层逻辑

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <parent>        <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId>        <groupId>com.et</groupId>        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    </parent>    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <properties>        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>    </properties>    <dependencies>
        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>
        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>
    </dependencies></project>

配置文件

server:  port: 8088  username: default

server:  port: 8088  username: dev

cotroller

package com.et.test.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;
@Controllerpublic class HelloWorldController {    @RequestMapping("/hello")    @ResponseBody    public Map<String, Object> showHelloWorld(){        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();        map.put("msg", "HelloWorld");        return map;    }}

service

package com.et.test.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/** * @ClassName UserService * @Description TODO * @Author liuhaihua * @Date 2024/4/4 13:13 * @Version 1.0 */public interface UserService {   public   String getUserName();}

package com.et.test.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/** * @ClassName UserServiceImpl * @Description TODO * @Author liuhaihua * @Date 2024/4/4 13:16 * @Version 1.0 */@Servicepublic class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{   @Value("${server.username}")   private String username;   @Override   public String getUserName() {      return username;   }}

DemoApplication.java

package com.et.test;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class DemoApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);   }}

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

https://github.com/Harries/springboot-demo

3.测试

验证环境绑定

@ActiveProfiles("dev")

可以切换不同的环境，在同的环境上测试

验证controller功能

@Testpublic void bookApiTest() throws Exception {
   // mockbean start   userServiceMockBean();   // mockbean end   String expect = "{\"msg\":\"HelloWorld\"}";   mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello"))         .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().json(expect))         .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());   // mockbean reset}

验证service功能

 @Test  public void execute() {      userServiceMockBean();      log.info("username:"+userService.getUserName());      Assertions.assertThat(userService.getUserName().equals("mockname"));
  }

下面是完整的测试代码，感兴趣的可以去测试一下

package com.et.test;
import com.et.test.service.UserService;import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;import org.junit.After;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.mockito.BDDMockito;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)@ActiveProfiles("dev")@AutoConfigureMockMvcpublic class DemoTests {    private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());   @Resource   private MockMvc mockMvc;   //@Autowired   @MockBean   UserService userService;    @Before    public void before()  {        log.info("init some data");    }    @After    public void after(){        log.info("clean some data");    }    @Test    public void execute() {      userServiceMockBean();        log.info("username:"+userService.getUserName());      Assertions.assertThat(userService.getUserName().equals("mockname"));
    }   @Test   public void bookApiTest() throws Exception {
      // mockbean start      userServiceMockBean();      // mockbean end      String expect = "{\"msg\":\"HelloWorld\"}";      mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello"))            .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().json(expect))            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());      // mockbean reset   }
   public void userServiceMockBean() {      BDDMockito.given(userService.getUserName()).willReturn("mockname");   }
}

4.引用

https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web
http://www.liuhaihua.cn/archives/710395.html

ITPub博客

Spring Boot单元测试快速入门Demo