时间日期格式
Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
Deferring Constraint Checks
/* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-lang
Date and Time
Single-Row Functions: /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0
transaction-level or statement-level consistency; check constraints
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;(事务级的)返回的数据总是最新的SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;(语句级的)所返回的数据是在语句执行时候,处理的数据。Check constraints cannot reference the SYSDATE function orother tables.[@more@]
锁属性
[@more@]
关联子查询 Correlated Subqueries
相关子查询 1.执行步骤: (1)外部查询得到一条记录并将其传入到内部查询。 (2)内部查询基于传入的值执行。 (3)内部查询从其结果中把值传回到外部查询,外部查询使用这些值来完成其处理。 例如: SELECT department_id, last_name, salary FROM employees e1 WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees e2 WHERE e1.department_id = e2.department_id) ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY------------- ------------------------- ----------10 Whalen 440020 Hartstein 1300030 Ra
热备份
1、为什么要将表空间置于热备状态?这是因为OS在Copy Block时的无序性,也就是说在Copy数据文件的时候并不能保证最先Copy 出来的Block是Datafile header Block(因为Datafile header Block中记录着datafile 的SCN,恢复的时候就是从这个Block中记录的SCN开始)。例如:OS Copy 开始时Block 1 的时间为t1,Copy 过程中Block 1 可能被别的进程修改,Copy 完成之时的时间为t2,而此时开始Copy datafile Header block,时间为t3,这样在恢复的时候是从t3 开始恢复的,也就是说此时Block 1 将丢失t1到t3这段时间内的数据。所以说不置于热备状态
rollup cube 超汇聚函数
rollup,和 cube 的作用就是在汇聚函数的基础上进行超汇聚。 select *** from *** where *** group by A,rollup ( B );------在A被汇聚的基础上,在A中每个小类别中,对B进行超汇聚。(此时超汇聚B中无值)其实rollup就是归纳。 select *** from *** where *** group by rollup( A , B );------同上,最后加上对A和B的总体归纳。 另一种情况:group by rollup(B,A);----------------在B被汇聚的基础上,在B中的每个小类别中,对A进行超汇聚。最后加上对A和B的总体归纳。 select *** from *** where ***
cume_dist 函数
SQL> select * from wltest;A B C---------- ---------- --------------------1 10 jiejie2 30 gege3 25 mama4 50 baba5 100 didi2 20 didi4 30 jiejie5 90 mama4 60 gege4 60 gege已选择10行。SQL> select a,cume_dist(50) within group(order by b desc) cum_50 from wltest group by a;A CUM_50---------- ----------1 .52 .3333333333 .54 .85 1 --------------------------------------------------- 1 50 1/2 1 102 50 1/3 2 302 203 50 1/2 3 254 604 604 504 50 4/5 4 305