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[@more@]限定性非限定性与先行词之间的关系非常密切（删掉后影响全句的意义）与先行词之间的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个句子的基本意思。）不用逗号分开通常用逗号分开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that可以省略（that,who,which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom担任宾语时可用who或that替代）不可以替代读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分。修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导。He helped me a lot, which I will alw

　　在意义上它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，与先行词之间的关系松散，不能对其起限定作用，对先行词只起进一步说明的作用，有时对主句做进一步说明，如果删掉它，不影响整个句子的基本意思，因此通常用逗号把它和其它句子分开，句中的关系代词不能省略。译成汉语时，一般用并列句表达，或单独译成一句话。[@more@]Li Ming, who is in the room, wants to ask you some questions.李明在屋子里，他想问你几个问题。 上述主句是Li Ming wants to ask you some questions. 定语从句为who is in the room. 如删去从句则不影响句子的基本意思

限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限定性定语从句之前不用逗号。译成汉语时，通常从句的末尾有“的”字，并放在它所限制的名词前面。[@more@]例如：This is the man (who gave me this book). 这就是给我这本书的人。 　　上述从句(who gave me this book)不能删去，如删去则成了This is the man.(这是一个人。)完全失去了整个句的意思，因此不能删去。What is the name of the student who brought us the letter?给我们带来信的那位学生

I am always interested in traveling. My reasons are quite (extremely) simple and clear. If anybody is not satisfied with my viewpoint(s), I shall be greatly surprised at his ways of thinking.In the first place, traveling increases our knowledge. Only by traveling can we see （因為用（only）開頭，主動詞須顛倒）things outside our home town.In the second place, traveling is good to our health. While we are traveling, we usually exercise our bodies.In conclusion, I earnestly hope that everybody must

If our bodies are not strong, our spirit to do things will certainly be quite dull. And at the same time, we are lack of energy (ies) to study. Diseases will only attack the weak, but not the strong.Why are our bodies not strong? Because we do not pay attention to exercise. For this reason, we students must often take different kinds (sorts) of exercise in the gym.Exercise helps us (to) strengthen our bodies and avoid disease. It also teaches us cooperation, for most exercise is played by team.[

There is an English proverb which says (saying) 「Honesty is the best policy.」 It signifies the importance of honesty.What are the benefits of honesty? If you are honest to others, they will be honest to you in return. When you are sad, they will comfort you. When you are in trouble, they will help you.There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here. In a word, a dishonest man will be looked down upon by others and (be) regarded as a public enemy.[@more@]英國有一句諺語說「諡樯喜摺埂Ｋ?f明

if意为“如果……”，它引导的从句称为条件状语从句，条件从句可用来表示现在或将来可能发生的事情或存在的情况，也可以表示纯属假设的不可能发生的事情或存在的情况。[@more@]1. （1）So if I get a second （…）, I’ll start a teacher training course in September.如果我获得二级学位，9月份我就开始专修教师培训课程。（2）If I get the teaching qualification, I’ll teach History.如果我获得教师资格，我会去教历史课。If (一般现在时)， … will … 真实条件句 （3）If I got a first, I’d stay in university and I’d do

情态动词表示义务[@more@]一、结构1．must表示“必须”，肯定式由must+动词原形构成；否定式由must+not(mustn’t)+ 动词原形构成,疑问式则将主语提到句首。 例如：（1）In many secondary schools children must wear a uniform.很多中学都要求学生必须穿校服。（2）You mustn’t use your mobile phones in class. 你千万不能上课时拨打手机。（3）Must I take the foundation courses? 我必须学预科（基础）课程吗？2．have to+动词原形, 表示“不得不”、“必须”，在肯定句中，to have随人称和时态的不同而变化(has/had),其否定式和

代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。[@more@]指 示 代 词一、指示代词this，that，these和those用来代替上文已提到或指示眼前的人或物，在句中可充当主语、宾语和定语。做定语的指示代词要与所修饰的词在数上一致1) Today’s libraries differ greatly from .［A］ the past ［B］ those of the past ［C］ that are past ［D］ those past2) The amount of money spent on cosmetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded spent on public h

代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。[@more@]人 称 代 词一、主格人称代词有I, we, you, he, she, they, it，主格人称代词就是在句中充当主语和表语的代词二、宾格人称代词有me, us, you, him, her, them, it，宾格人称代词即在句中充当宾语(含介词宾语)的代词三、同步练习1) Archibald Motley’s artistic talent ［A］ was apparent ［B］ by the time him ［C］ enrolled ［D］ in high school.2) Legends often contain an element ［A］ of fact， but ［

[@more@]形容词和副词的特殊表达法一、形容词与副词的同级比较： 由“as(so)…as”引出，其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,此外还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。2. as much：表示“与…同量”Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的。He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。3. as many：表示

形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，当然还有其特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一一掌握。 [@more@]形容词比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级① 一般单音节词末尾加?er 和 ?est strong stronger strongest② 单音节词如果以?

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。[@more@]一、基数词　　1）基数词写法和读法： 345　three hundred and forty-five；　　2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：　　 a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许多人；　　 b.　在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里；　 如：They arrived in twos and threes.　他们三三两两的到达了。　　 c. 表示"几十岁"；　　 d. 表示

冠词有两种，一是不定冠词a／an，另外一种是定冠词the(有的语法学家说有三种冠词，这另外一种是零念冠词，这里我们不讨论)。[@more@]一、不定冠词及其用法1. 可数名词在表泛指时，要加不定冠词“a／an”表示“一个”，“每一”相当于one或表示某一2. a用在辅音音素(即音标中的辅音而不是辅音字母)之前，如a European scientist。an用在元音音素(音标中的元音而不是指元音字母)之前，如an X?ray examination3. 跟汉语一样，并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念，第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去，以避免重复二、定冠词的用法1. 一般来说，

名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词。在句子中可数名词要么前边加冠词，要么用其复数形式。名词的复数通常加s，但以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词es；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词把“y”变成“i”，再加es。不规则名词的复数有其特殊形式。物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。名词有主格(作主语)、宾格(作宾语)和属格(表示所属关系)。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，它们有其基本用法和特殊用法。数词分为基数词、序数词和分数词，数词与名词在实际运用中要呼应。[@more@]第一节 名 词 的 数一、可数名词1. 可数名词

Yesterday was my birthday, so some of my classmates sent me presents. Mother prepared a tea party for me. I invited all of them to come and take part in it.The tea party began at half past six. There were cold drinks and refreshments. We ate, talked and laughed. We felt that we were the happiest men in the world.Time passed quickly. In a twinkling, the clock on the wall struck nine. We could not but say 「Good-bye」 to one another.[@more@]昨天是我生日，所以有几位我的同班同学送我礼。母亲给我准备一

If you want to ask me why we should study English, my answer will be simple and clear. Now let me enumerate the reasons one by one in the following.In the first place, English has become an international language. If you know English, you van make a trip round the world without being misunderstood.In the second place, most valuable books, newspapers and magazines are written in English. If you wish (hope) to get knowledge, you must learn English.[@more@]如果你要问我们为什么我们要学英文。我的答复

An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.[@more@] 英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作

It is the duty of every citizen to make the country rich and powerful (To make the country rich and strong is...). In order to accomplish this object one must be patriotic (love his country). I consider this an unchangeable truth.How can a student love his country (be patriotic)? I find my answer very simple and clear. He must study hard and store up knowledge so as to serve his (the) country in the future. If every student can do according to what I said, the country will certainly be rich and

One Sunday my mother (Mother) had (made) me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling) at us and heard the birds sing (singing) their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful).When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother) wait (waiting) for us at the do