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BiLSTM-Attention文本分类

原创 Python 作者:ckxllf 时间:2020-04-22 16:02:49 0 删除 编辑

  概述

  这篇以简单的文本分类为demo,基于pytorch,全面解读BiLSTM-Attention。

  文本分类实战

  整体构建

  首先,我们导入需要的包,包括模型,优化器,梯度求导等,将数据类型全部转化成tensor类型

  import numpy as np

  import torch

  import torch.nn as nn

  import torch.optim as optim

  from torch.autograd import Variable

  import torch.nn.functional as F

  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

  dtype = torch.FloatTensor

  接下来我们确定一些基本的参数,并且简单地构造一个数据,实现情感的二分类。数据集中三个句子,一半正,一半负。label中1是好的情感,0是不好的情感。

  embedding_dim = 3

  n_hidden = 5

  num_classes = 2 # 0 or 1

  sentences = ["i love you", "he loves me", "she likes baseball", "i hate you", "sorry for that", "this is awful"]

  labels = [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]

  接着,我们需要构建词表,把数据集中出现过的词拿出来并给它一个编号:

  word_list = " ".join(sentences).split()

  word_list = list(set(word_list))

  word_dict = {w: i for i, w in enumerate(word_list)}

  vocab_size = len(word_dict)

  然后我们定义输入输出,输入其实是每个句子中的每个单词对应在词表中的id,将输入输出变成Variable,以便于求导:

  inputs = []

  for sen in sentences:

  inputs.append(np.asarray([word_dict[n] for n in sen.split()]))

  targets = []

  for out in labels:

  targets.append(out)

  input_batch = Variable(torch.LongTensor(inputs))

  target_batch = Variable(torch.LongTensor(targets))

  接下来构造模型:

  class BiLSTM_Attention(nn.Module):

  def __init__(self):

  super(BiLSTM_Attention, self).__init__()

  self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim)

  self.lstm = nn.LSTM(embedding_dim, n_hidden, bidirectional=True)

  self.out = nn.Linear(n_hidden * 2, num_classes)

  def attention_net(self, lstm_output, final_state):

  hidden = final_state.view(-1, n_hidden * 2, 1)

  attn_weights = torch.bmm(lstm_output, hidden).squeeze(2)

  soft_attn_weights = F.softmax(attn_weights, 1)

  context = torch.bmm(lstm_output.transpose(1, 2), soft_attn_weights.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2)

  return context, soft_attn_weights.data.numpy()

  def forward(self, X):

  input = self.embedding(X)

  input = input.permute(1, 0, 2)

  hidden_state = Variable(torch.zeros(1*2, len(X), n_hidden))

  cell_state = Variable(torch.zeros(1*2, len(X), n_hidden))

  output, (final_hidden_state, final_cell_state) = self.lstm(input, (hidden_state, cell_state))

  output = output.permute(1, 0, 2)

  attn_output, attention = self.attention_net(output, final_hidden_state)

  return self.out(attn_output), attention

  首先embedding中需要传入词表,以及嵌入的维度。有一个双向LSTM层,还有一个线性层以获取LSTM中的隐层参数。

  这里详细说一下attention层的操作,首先hidden 的维度是 [batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2), 1(=n_layer)],接下来确定attention矩阵,将LSTM输出与hidden相乘,去掉第三个维度。attn_weights的维度是[batch_size, n_step] ,两个矩阵相乘后的维度,[batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2), n_step] * [batch_size, n_step, 1] = [batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2), 1],然后去掉了第三个维度的1。这样再经过softmax函数。再将权重函数与LSTM输出相乘得到context。最终context的维度就是 [batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2)] 。

  最后在forward方法中操作各个层,进行层的各种操作,获得输出和attention矩阵。

  接下来就是将模型实例化,并确定损失函数,优化器:

  model = BiLSTM_Attention()

  criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

  optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

  最后训练并测试:

  # Training

  for epoch in range(5000):

  optimizer.zero_grad()

  output, attention = model(input_batch)

  loss = criterion(output, target_batch)

  if (epoch + 1) % 1000 == 0:

  print('Epoch:', '%04d' % (epoch + 1), 'cost =', '{:.6f}'.format(loss))

  loss.backward() 郑州哪个人流医院好 http://www.csyhjlyy.com/

  optimizer.step()

  # Test

  test_text = 'sorry hate you'

  tests = [np.asarray([word_dict[n] for n in test_text.split()])]

  test_batch = Variable(torch.LongTensor(tests))

  # Predict

  predict, _ = model(test_batch)

  predict = predict.data.max(1, keepdim=True)[1]

  if predict[0][0] == 0:

  print(test_text,"is Bad Mean...")

  else:

  print(test_text,"is Good Mean!!")

  最终我们画图看下attention中结果:

  fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 3)) # [batch_size, n_step]

  ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

  ax.matshow(attention, cmap='viridis')

  ax.set_xticklabels(['']+['first_word', 'second_word', 'third_word'], fontdict={'fontsize': 14}, rotation=90)

  ax.set_yticklabels(['']+['batch_1', 'batch_2', 'batch_3', 'batch_4', 'batch_5', 'batch_6'], fontdict={'fontsize': 14})

  plt.show()

  调试

  读取数据:

  

在这里插入图片描述

  转换文本后的输入输出:

  接下来跑完整个循环,看到结果,测试集中的这个句子分类为负:

  

在这里插入图片描述

  最后得出Attention矩阵


来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:https://blog.itpub.net/69945560/viewspace-2687671/ ,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。

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