06 Docker容器内部管理的终极指南：掌握核心技巧与最佳实践 一 docker client 查看容器内部日志 1.1 全部日志查看 1.2 实时进行日志查看 1.3 实时进行日志查看-显示详细时间戳 1.4 日志查看-后5行 1.5 日志查看-后5行 二 docker client 查看容器内部运行的进程 三 从docker host进入到容器内部 - 分配shell 四 在docker host和容器之间进行数据复制 4.1 从宿主机拷贝文件到容器 4.2 从容器拷贝文件到宿主机 五 在docker host和容器之间进行数据卷文件共享 5.1 创建共享数据卷 5.2 挂载共享数据卷到superman01 5.3 挂载共享数据卷到superman02

06 Docker容器内部管理的终极指南：掌握核心技巧与最佳实践

一 docker client 查看容器内部日志

$ docker logs [容器ID]

1.1 全部日志查看

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs 393e19a0d0a9

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
ps 
-a


CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES


b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   
39 seconds ago   Up 
38 seconds   
0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ docker logs b4ccd86df7e3


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.207112 
2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured 
-- resuming normal operations


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.208052 
2024] [core:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 
'httpd -D FOREGROUND'


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

1.2 实时进行日志查看

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -f b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker logs 
-f b4ccd86df7e3


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.207112 
2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured 
-- resuming normal operations


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.208052 
2024] [core:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 
'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

1.3 实时进行日志查看-显示详细时间戳

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -tf b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker logs 
-tf b4ccd86df7e3



2024
-06-08T13:27:42.202842014Z AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message



2024
-06-08T13:27:42.213102371Z AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message



2024
-06-08T13:27:42.213122427Z [Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.207112 
2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured 
-- resuming normal operations



2024
-06-08T13:27:42.213125676Z [Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.208052 
2024] [core:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 
'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

1.4 日志查看-后5行

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs --tail 5 b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker logs 
--tail 
5 b4ccd86df7e3


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.207112 
2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured 
-- resuming normal operations


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.208052 
2024] [core:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 
'httpd -D FOREGROUND'


[superman@docker ~]
$

1.5 日志查看-后5行

[superman@docker ~]$ docker logs -n 5 b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker logs 
-n 
5 b4ccd86df7e3


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server
's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName
' directive globally to suppress this message


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.207112 
2024] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured 
-- resuming normal operations


[Sat Jun 
08 
13:27:42.208052 
2024] [core:notice] [pid 
1:tid 
140576319216960] AH00094: Command line: 
'httpd -D FOREGROUND'


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

二 docker client 查看容器内部运行的进程

在docker容器中，通常情况下⼀个容器只运行⼀个服务 ，⼀个服务可能能对1/多个进程。

在docker容器后台运行过程中，运行了哪些进程。

[superman@docker ~]$ docker top b4ccd86df7e3

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
top b4ccd86df7e3


UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD


root                
23672               
23651               
0                   
21:27               ?                   
00:00:00            httpd 
-DFOREGROUND



33                  
23699               
23672               
0                   
21:27               ?                   
00:00:00            httpd 
-DFOREGROUND



33                  
23700               
23672               
0                   
21:27               ?                   
00:00:00            httpd 
-DFOREGROUND



33                  
23701               
23672               
0                   
21:27               ?                   
00:00:00            httpd 
-DFOREGROUND


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

三 从docker host进入到容器内部 - 分配shell

$ docker exec -it <容器ID> <shell>

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 /bin/bash

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker exec 
-it b4ccd86df7e3 /bin/bash


root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2
# 

[superman@docker ~]$ docker exec -it b4ccd86df7e3 bash

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker exec 
-it b4ccd86df7e3 
bash


root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2
# 


root@b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2
# exit



exit


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

exit #退出容器，回到docker宿主机； docker容器内部无法执行完整所有linux命令,系统命令已经为精简系统。

四 在docker host和容器之间进行数据复制

4.1 从宿主机拷贝文件到容器

$ docker cp [宿主机文件路径] [容器ID:容器路径]

[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp ./index.html b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ cat index.html






<html 
lang
=en>


<head>


    <meta 
charset
=UTF-8>


    <title>Welcome to Apache</title>


</head>


<body>


</body>


</html>


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ curl 
192.168.0.121:32768


<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
cp ./index.html b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs


                                             Successfully copied 
2.05kB to b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ curl 
192.168.0.121:32768                                     






<html 
lang
=en>


<head>


    <meta 
charset
=UTF-8>


    <title>Welcome to Apache</title>


</head>


<body>


</body>


</html>


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

4.2 从容器拷贝文件到宿主机

$ docker cp [容器ID:容器路径] [宿主机文件路径]

[superman@docker ~]$ docker cp b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs ./

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ ls


index.html  index.html.1


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ rm 
-rf *


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ ls


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
cp b4ccd86df7e3:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html ./


                                               Successfully copied 
2.05kB to /home/superman/./


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ ls


index.html


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

五 在docker host和容器之间进行数据卷文件共享

docker支持文件共享数据卷 在宿主机中创建⼀个共享目录，将其映射到容器路径中。当前目录在宿主机中可以和容器进行文件共享。 文件共享数据卷必须在创建容器时，指定共享路径。容器创建完毕后无法进行文件共享数据卷创建。

 -v host-dir:container-dir

必须/⼀定使用绝对路径。

5.1 创建共享数据卷

[superman@docker ~]$ mkdir superman_share

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ mkdir superman_share


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ cp index.html ./superman_share/


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ ls ./superman_share/


index.html


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

5.2 挂载共享数据卷到superman01

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10001:80 --name superman01 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker run 
-d 
-p 
10001:80 
--name superman01 
-v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4


158b2ca4350bc43f2f892971f9b58fb36bc4d9ae5c804bd2af63cf7e96ca2733


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
ps


CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES


158b2ca4350b   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   
7 seconds ago    Up 
6 seconds    
0.0.0.0:10001->80/tcp, :::10001->80/tcp   superman01


b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   
34 minutes ago   Up 
34 minutes   
0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ curl 
192.168.0.121:10001






<html 
lang
=en>


<head>


    <meta 
charset
=UTF-8>


    <title>Welcome to Apache</title>


</head>


<body>


</body>


</html>


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

5.3 挂载共享数据卷到superman02

[superman@docker ~]$ docker run -d -p 10002:80 --name superman02 -v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4

示例：

[superman@docker ~]
$ docker run 
-d 
-p 
10002:80 
--name superman02 
-v /home/superman/superman_share:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd:2.4


aa491a7ac7ab9feacae5ba4bf8275f6646ecc2d85d12c4009db10ecc8ca82af4


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ docker 
ps               


CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND              CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                     NAMES


aa491a7ac7ab   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   
5 seconds ago        Up 
4 seconds        
0.0.0.0:10002->80/tcp, :::10002->80/tcp   superman02


158b2ca4350b   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   
0.0.0.0:10001->80/tcp, :::10001->80/tcp   superman01


b4ccd86df7e3   httpd:2.4   
"httpd-foreground"   
36 minutes ago       Up 
35 minutes       
0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   jolly_thompson


[superman@docker ~]
$ 


[superman@docker ~]
$ curl 
192.168.0.121:10002






<html 
lang
=en>


<head>


    <meta 
charset
=UTF-8>


    <title>Welcome to Apache</title>


</head>


<body>


</body>


</html>


[superman@docker ~]
$ 

原文链接： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzkxNzI1OTE3Mw==&mid=2247492124&idx=1&sn=03d13676360562425515f69354089811&chksm=c141f4d6f6367dc036854a2fb9fd1681048e0a73734f30b47619ab8af836e731f87a384eb8f5#rd

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