文章参考：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5467273
Oracle 10g RAC OCR 和 VotingDisk 的备份与恢复
一. Voting Disk 表决盘
Oracle Clusterware由2部分组成，分别是Voting Disk和 OCR。Voting Disk里面记录着节点成员的信息。如RAC数据库中有哪些节点成员，节点增加或者删除时也同样会将信息记录进来。Voting Disk必须存放在共享存储上，通常来说是存放在裸设备上。Voting Disk主要为了在出现脑裂时，决定那个Partion获得控制权，其他的Partion必须从集群中剔除。为了保证Voting Disk的安全，需要配置多个Voting Disk，Voting disk使用的是一种“多数可用算法”。当有多个Voting disk时，则必须一半以上的Votedisk同时使用，Clusterware才能正常使用。比如配置了4个Votedisk，坏一个Votedisk，集群可以正常工作，如果坏了2个，则不能满足半数以上，集群会立即宕掉，所有节点立即重启，所以如果添加Votedisk，尽量不要只添加一个，而应该添加2个。Oracle建议Voting Disk的个数应该为奇数个。
1.查看Votingdisk磁盘位置信息
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /dev/raw/raw2

located 1 votedisk(s).

2.备份Votingdisk磁盘
[oracle@rac1 voting_bak]$ dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 of=/u01/app/backup/voting_bak/voting_disk.bak
401562+0 records in
401562+0 records out
205599744 bytes (206 MB) copied, 284.808 seconds, 722 kB/s
查看备份文件信息：
[oracle@rac1 voting_bak]$ ll
total 200988
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 205599744 Sep 3 16:19 voting_disk.bak

查看备份文件内容信息：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ strings /u01/app/backup/voting_bak/voting_disk.bak |sort -u
fSLC
ssLckcoT
SslcLlik
sSlcrEp0
}|{z

3.在需要的时候对Voting disk进行恢复
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dd if=/u01/app/backup/voting_bak/voting_disk.bak of=/dev/raw2
dd: opening `/dev/raw2': Permission denied
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ su - root
Password:
[root@rac1 ~]# dd if=/u01/app/backup/voting_bak/voting_disk.bak of=/dev/raw2
401562+0 records in
401562+0 records out
205599744 bytes (206 MB) copied, 0.921637 seconds, 223 MB/s
二.OCR(oracle cluster register) 集群注册表
OCR 负责维护整个集群的配置信息，包括RAC以及Clusterware资源，包括的信息有节点成员、数据库、实例、服务、监听器、应用程序等。为了解决集群
的“健忘”问题,整个集群会有一份配置OCR，最多两分OCR，一个primary OCR和一个mirror OCR互为镜像，以防OCR的单点故障。集群中的其中一个Oracle
Clusterware实例(CRSD实例)每四小时就会自动创建OCR备份，CRS会保留最后三个副本，此外，该CRSD进程还会在每天和每周开始时创建OCR备份，并保
留最后两个副本。这个备份由Master Node的CRSD进程完成，备份的默认位置为$CRS_HOME/crs/cdata/目录下。每次备份后，备份文件
的名字会自动变更，以反映备份时间顺序，最近一次备份叫做backup00.ocr。为了保证更好的安全性，应每天将OCR自动备份到其他存储设备上，在进行
重大更改(如添加/删除节点、修改oracle clusterware资源或建库)之前和之后应对OCR进行逻辑备份，确保还原与当前系统配置相匹配的OCR备份。
1.查看OCR的自动备份文件信息
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ocrconfig -showbackup
rac1 2014/09/03 13:04:44 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/01 13:00:02 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/01 09:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/03 13:04:44 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac2 2014/08/25 12:58:15 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
[oracle@rac1 crs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
[oracle@rac1 crs]$ ll
total 23080
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 13:04 backup00.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 1 13:00 backup01.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 1 09:00 backup02.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 13:04 day.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 1 05:00 week_.ocr

2.使用导出导入备份OCR
1)查看OCR的磁盘信息
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 200692
Used space (kbytes) : 4052
Available space (kbytes) : 196640
ID : 1469118214
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
2)首先关闭所有节点的CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.

3)root用户导出OCR内容
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -export /u01/app/backup/ocr_bak/ocr.exp
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /u01/app/backup/ocr_bak/
[root@rac1 ocr_bak]# ll
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 91260 Sep 3 17:26 ocr.exp

4)重启CRS
[root@rac1 ocr_bak]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

5)检查CRS状态
[root@rac1 ocr_bak]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

6)破坏OCR内容
[root@rac1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=200M count=1000
dd: writing `/dev/raw/raw1': No space left on device
1+0 records in
0+0 records out
205599744 bytes (206 MB) copied, 1.4783 seconds, 139 MB/s

7)检查OCR一致性
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrcheck
PROT-601: Failed to initialize ocrcheck
8)使用cluvfy 工具检查一致性
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all

Verifying OCR integrity
Unable to retrieve nodelist from Oracle clusterware.

Verification cannot proceed.

9)使用import修复OCR内容
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -import /u01/app/backup/ocr_bak/ocr.exp

批注：使用restore选项只能导入OCR自动产生的物理备份，import选项只能导入通过export选项导出的的逻辑备份。
10)再次检查OCR磁盘信息
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 200692
Used space (kbytes) : 4052
Available space (kbytes) : 196640
ID : 69183330
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

11)再次使用cluvfy 工具检查一致性

[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all

Verifying OCR integrity

ERROR:
User equivalence unavailable on all the nodes.
Verification cannot proceed.

Verification of OCR integrity was unsuccessful on all the nodes.
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all --切换到oracle用户执行，成功

Verifying OCR integrity

Checking OCR integrity...

Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.

Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.

Checking the version of OCR...
OCR of correct Version "2" exists.

Checking data integrity of OCR...
Data integrity check for OCR passed.

OCR integrity check passed.

Verification of OCR integrity was successful.

3.自动备份恢复OCR
1).关闭CRS服务程序

[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.

2)通过ocrconfig的showbackup选项查看最近的备份
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
rac1 2014/09/03 17:04:45 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/03 13:04:44 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/01 13:00:02 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2014/09/03 13:04:44 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
rac2 2014/08/25 12:58:15 /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs

3)通过ocrconfig的restore或import选项导入OCR数据
语法：ocrconfig -restore filename_location
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs
[root@rac1 crs]# ll
total 23080
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 17:04 backup00.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 13:04 backup01.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 1 13:00 backup02.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 13:04 day.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714496 Sep 3 17:04 week_.ocr
[root@rac1 crs]# cd ~
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr

4)检查CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 200692
Used space (kbytes) : 4044
Available space (kbytes) : 196648
ID : 69183330
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

使用cluvfy工具检查
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all

Verifying OCR integrity

Checking OCR integrity...

Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.

Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.

Checking the version of OCR...
OCR of correct Version "2" exists.

Checking data integrity of OCR...
Data integrity check for OCR passed.

OCR integrity check passed.

Verification of OCR integrity was successful.
5)在节点上重启CRS服务
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/crs/bin/crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

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