文章参考：http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0824/10/5287961_142857790.shtml
1.首先进行数据库配置归档前的准备
RAC在运行的时候，每个实例都会产生归档日志，所有实例的归档日志集中在一起，才能完整的代表数据库的操作历史，并且只有在介质恢复(Media Recover
y)时，才会用到归档日志。进行介质恢复时，才要求在执行恢复操作的那个节点访问所有实例的归档日志。(此处采用本地存储方式)
归档目录设置方案，如下：

归档位置	实例1	实例2
本地磁盘	mkdir /u01/app/rac1_arch mkdir /u01/app/rac2_arch	mkdir /u01/app/rac1_arch mkdir /u01/app/rac2_arch
log_archive_dest_1	location='/u01/app/rac1_arch'	location='/u01/app/rac2_arch'
log_archive_dest_2	service='HHPEN12'	service='HHPEN11'

在两个节点创建两个目录：/u01/app/rac1_arch /u01/app/rac2_arch 赋予读写权限
[root@rac1 app]# chmod 777 rac*
[root@rac1 app]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 31 16:06 bak
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 1 01:29 oracle
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 1 06:26 rac1_arch
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 1 07:14 rac2_arch
[root@rac2 app]# chmod 777 rac*
[root@rac2 app]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 30 16:40 backup
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 10 23:28 oracle
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 1 07:22 rac1_arch
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Sep 1 06:26 rac2_arch

2.RAC 设置成归档模式
1)设置归档参数
设置实例HHPEN11的参数：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/rac1_arch' scope=both sid='HHPEN11';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=HHPEN12' scope=both sid='HHPEN11';
System altered.

设置实例HHPEN12的参数：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/rac2_arch' scope=both sid='HHPEN12';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=HHPEN11' scope=both sid='HHPEN12';
System altered.

2)在两个节点上分别验证参数的状态
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;

DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
-------------------- --------- --------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9 INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 INACTIVE

10 rows selected.

3)将RAC 设置成归档模式
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile sid='*'; --修改数据库的归档模式
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate; --关闭所有实例
SQL> startup mount; --在任一个实例上启动数据库至mount状态，修改归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='*';
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate

4)重启数据库确定归档生效
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/rac1_arch
Oldest online log sequence 2
Next log sequence to archive 3
Current log sequence 3

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/rac2_arch
Oldest online log sequence 65
Next log sequence to archive 66
Current log sequence 66
5)验证：在两个节点分别切换日志，并检查对应的节点指定归档目录下是否产生归档日志
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> col name for a40;
SQL> select inst_id,recid,dest_id,name from gv$archived_log;

INST_ID RECID DEST_ID NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
2 1 1 /u01/app/rac1_arch/1_2_857093606.dbf
2 2 1 /u01/app/rac1_arch/1_3_857093606.dbf
2 3 2 /u01/app/rac2_arch/1_3_857093606.dbf
2 4 1 /u01/app/rac2_arch/2_66_857093606.dbf
2 5 2 /u01/app/rac1_arch/2_66_857093606.dbf
1 1 1 /u01/app/rac1_arch/1_2_857093606.dbf
1 2 1 /u01/app/rac1_arch/1_3_857093606.dbf
1 3 2 /u01/app/rac2_arch/1_3_857093606.dbf
1 4 1 /u01/app/rac2_arch/2_66_857093606.dbf
1 5 2 /u01/app/rac1_arch/2_66_857093606.dbf

10 rows selected.

2.对RAC数据库进行RMAN备份

RAC 和单实例数据库的备份机制是一样的，有两点需要注意：
①RMAN要连接到集群中的某个实例，而不是连接到整个集群；
②备份归档日志时，必须保证在备份实例上能够访问所有实例的归档日志，否则就会报错。
RMAN备份脚本如下：
[oracle@rac2 scripts]$ cat bkfull.sh
#!/bin/bash
# name:bkfull.sh
# date:2014/08/29
# desc: backup incremental level 0 database with rman
#this script will execute in the end of each Sunday
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=HHPEN12
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LANG=en_US
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
rman target / << EOF_RMAN
run{
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
allocate channel c1 type disk connect 'sys/oracle@HHPEN11';
allocate channel c2 type disk connect 'sys/oracle@HHPEN12';
backup incremental level 0 tag 'db0' format
'/u01/app/backup/bk_dir/db0_%d_%T_%s' database plus archivelog
delete all input;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
#end
批注：脚本中有指定备份文件的位置。如果是直接备份到硬盘上，那么两个节点上都要创建对应的备份目录。因为节点1通道的备份文件会放在节点1上，
节点2的备份文件会放在节点2上。

执行备份脚本，两个节点查看备份结果，如下：
[oracle@rac1 bk_dir]$ ll
total 3299820
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 33551360 Sep 1 08:05 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24341504 Sep 1 08:05 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_3
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3317751808 Sep 1 08:12 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_4
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 29184 Sep 1 08:12 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_6
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17408 Sep 1 08:12 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_7

[oracle@rac2 bk_dir]$ ll
total 629448
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1980928 Sep 1 08:05 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_2
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 641933312 Sep 1 08:06 db0_HHPEN1_20140901_5
RMAN> list backup of database summary;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
4 B 0 A DISK 01-SEP-14 1 1 NO DB0
5 B 0 A DISK 01-SEP-14 1 1 NO DB0

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