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To perform the administrative tasks of an Oracle Database DBA, you need specificprivileges within the database and possibly in the operating system of the server onwhich the database runs. Access to a database administrator's account should betightly controlled.数据库管理员安全与权限执行DBA的相关任务 , 需要数据库运行服务器操作系统 以及 数据库 特殊的权限[@more@]

Because Oracle Database continues to evolve and can require maintenance, Oracleperiodically produces new releases. Not all customers initially subscribe to a newrelease or require specific maintenance for their existing release. As a result, multiplereleases of the product exist simultaneously.As many as five numbers may be required to fully identify a release. The significanceof these numbers is discussed in the sections that follow.To understand the release nomenclature used by Oracle, examine

On Windows, you must set only the ORACLE_SID environment variable to select aninstance before starting SQL*Plus.SET ORACLE_SID=SAL1使用环境变量选择实例之 : Windows环境Windows环境下 , 可使用SET语句来选择唯一的ORACLE_SID环境便令来选择实例 , 如SET ORACLE_SID=SAL1[@more@]

The following Solaris example sets the environment variables that are required forselecting an instance. When switching between instances with different Oracle homes,the ORACLE_HOME environment variable must be changed.% setenv ORACLE_SID SAL1% setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1% setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib:/usr/dt/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/ccs/libMost UNIX installations come with two scripts, oraenv and coraenv, that can beused to easily set these environment variables.

Before you attempt to use SQL*Plus to connect locally to an Oracle instance, you mustensure that environment variables are set properly. When multiple database instancesexist on one server, or when an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance existson the same server as one or more database instances, the environment variablesdetermine which instance SQL*Plus connects to. (This is also true when there is onlyone Oracle instance on a server.)For example, each Oracle instance (database or ASM) h

After you have an Oracle Database installation properly configured, tuned, patched,and tested, you may want to roll that exact installation out to other hosts. Reasons todo this include the following:■ You have multiple production database systems.■ You want to create development and test systems that are identical to yourproduction system.Instead of installing, tuning, and patching on each additional host, you can clone yourtested Oracle Database installation to other hosts, saving time and e

After installation and on a regular basis, download and install patches. Patches areavailable as single interim patches and as patchsets (or patch releases). Interimpatches address individual software bugs and may or may not be needed at yourinstallation. Patch releases are collections of bug fixes that are applicable for allcustomers. Patch releases have release numbers. For example, if you installed OracleDatabase 10.2.0.0, the first patch release will have a release number of 10.2.0.1.数据库管

Optimizing the performance of the database is one of your ongoing responsibilities asa DBA. Oracle Database provides a database resource management feature that helpsyou to control the allocation of resources among various user groups.数据库管理员职责之 : 调整数据库性能数据库资源管理特性能帮助DBA在众多用户组中的资源分配[@more@]

When the database is fully implemented, again back up the database. In addition toregularly scheduled backups, you should always back up your database immediatelyafter implementing changes to the database structure.数据库管理员职责之 : 备份整个功能数据库除了定期的备份外 , 还应该在改变数据库结构后进行数据库备份[@more@]

After you create and start the database, and enroll the system users, you canimplement the planned logical structure database by creating all necessarytablespaces. When you have finished creating tablespaces, you can create the databaseobjects.数据库管理员职责之 : 贯彻执行数据库设计在创建并启动数据库 , 创建系统用户 , 能贯彻执行计划的数据库逻辑结构(表空间) ,当创建完表空间后 , 可创建数据库对象[@more@]

After you back up the database structure, you can enroll the users of the database inaccordance with your Oracle license agreement, and grant appropriate privileges androles to these users.数据库管理员职责之 : 创建系统用户当完成数据库结构的备份后 , 能创建与许可证协议数一致的数据库用户 ,并且赋予设定的权限或角色给这些用户[@more@]

After you create the database structure, carry out the backup strategy you planned forthe database. Create any additional redo log files, take the first full database backup(online or offline), and schedule future database backups at regular intervals.数据库管理员职责之 : 备份数据库在创建数据库结构后 , 贯彻你计划的数据库备份策略创建新的重做日志文件后 , 首先进行全库备份 , 并定期的进行数据库备份[@more@]

After you complete the database design, you can create the database and open it fornormal use. You can create a database at installation time, using the DatabaseConfiguration Assistant, or you can supply your own scripts for creating a database.数据库管理员职责之 : 创建打开数据库在完成数据库设计后 , 可创建数据库并将其打开用来正常的使用[@more@]

As the database administrator, you must plan:■ The logical storage structure of the database■ The overall database design■ A backup strategy for the databaseIt is important to plan how the logical storage structure of the database will affectsystem performance and various database management operations. For example,before creating any tablespaces for your database, you should know how manydatafiles will make up the tablespace, what type of information will be stored in eachtablespace, and on

As the database administrator, you install the Oracle Database server software and anyfront-end tools and database applications that access the database. In some distributedprocessing installations, the database is controlled by a central computer (databaseserver) and the database tools and applications are executed on remote computers(clients). In this case, you must also install the Oracle Net components necessary toconnect the remote machines to the computer that executes Oracle Database.数据

Evaluate how Oracle Database and its applications can best use the available computerresources. This evaluation should reveal the following information:■ How many disk drives are available to the Oracle products■ How many, if any, dedicated tape drives are available to Oracle products■ How much memory is available to the instances of Oracle Database you will run(see your system configuration documentation)数据库管理员职责之 : 评估数据库服务硬件评估应展示以下信息:1. 多少磁盘可供数据库使用2

Database users interact with the database through applications or utilities. A typicaluser's responsibilities include the following tasks:■ Entering, modifying, and deleting data, where permitted■ Generating reports from the data Oracle数据库用户之 : 数据库用户通过应用程序或工具与数据库交互 ,a. 进入 ,修改 , 删除数据b. 生成数据报告[@more@]

An Oracle Database site can assign one or more application administrators toadminister a particular application. Each application can have its own administrator.Oracle数据库用户之 : 应用程序管理者管理一个特定的应用[@more@]

Application developers design and implement database applications. Theirresponsibilities include the following tasks:■ Designing and developing the database application■ Designing the database structure for an application■ Estimating storage requirements for an application■ Specifying modifications of the database structure for an application■ Relaying this information to a database administrator■ Tuning the application during development■ Establishing security measures for an application

Some sites have one or more network administrators. A network administrator, forexample, administers Oracle networking products, such as Oracle Net Services. Pleaserefer to Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for information about theduties of network administrators.Oracle数据库用户之 : 网络管理员管理Oracle网络产品 , 如Oracle网络服务[@more@]