用户分类
root、虚拟用户、普通用户
cat /etc/passwd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 link]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
rpm:x:37:37::/var/lib/rpm:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
mailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
smmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin
nscd:x:28:28:NSCD Daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Portmapper RPC user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
xfs:x:43:43:X Font Server:/etc/X11/fs:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin
sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin
oracle:x:110:110::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
mysql:x:111:112:MySQL server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
dasusr1:x:500:101::/home/dasusr1:/bin/bash
db2inst1:x:501:102::/home/db2inst1:/bin/bash
db2fenc1:x:502:103::/home/db2fenc1:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 link]#
cat /etc/shadow
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow
root:$1$osTeTh3K$XgYXrXB8UNxaLd7wKMyuF/:14728:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
adm:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
shutdown:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
halt:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
news:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
uucp:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
operator:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
games:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
gopher:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
ftp:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:14728:0:99999:7:::
rpm:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
dbus:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
avahi:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
mailnull:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
smmsp:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
nscd:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
vcsa:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
rpc:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
rpcuser:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
nfsnobody:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
sshd:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
pcap:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
ntp:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
haldaemon:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
xfs:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
gdm:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
sabayon:!!:14728:0:99999:7:::
oracle:$1$blUEP6Ak$m/xomN3Y9KKJZEp8TwmNq/:14728:0:99999:7:::
mysql:!!:14729::::::
dasusr1:aYe9knO8dcC1A:14729:0:99999:7:::
db2inst1:3SP.ChgM4S7SU:14729:0:99999:7:::
db2fenc1:3SP.ChgM4S7SU:14729:0:99999:7:::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
cat /etc/group
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:root
bin:x:1:root,bin,daemon
daemon:x:2:root,bin,daemon
sys:x:3:root,bin,adm
adm:x:4:root,adm,daemon
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:root
lp:x:7:daemon,lp
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:root
mail:x:12:mail
news:x:13:news
uucp:x:14:uucp
man:x:15:
games:x:20:
gopher:x:30:
dip:x:40:
ftp:x:50:
lock:x:54:
nobody:x:99:
users:x:100:
rpm:x:37:
dbus:x:81:
utmp:x:22:
utempter:x:35:
avahi:x:70:
mailnull:x:47:
smmsp:x:51:
nscd:x:28:
floppy:x:19:
vcsa:x:69:
rpc:x:32:
rpcuser:x:29:
nfsnobody:x:65534:
sshd:x:74:
pcap:x:77:
ntp:x:38:
slocate:x:21:
haldaemon:x:68:
xfs:x:43:
gdm:x:42:
sabayon:x:86:
oinstall:x:110:
dba:x:111:oracle
mysql:x:112:
dasadm1:x:101:db2inst1
db2iadm1:x:102:
db2fadm1:x:103:
user01:x:503:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
cat /etc/gshadow
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow
root:::root
bin:::root,bin,daemon
daemon:::root,bin,daemon
sys:::root,bin,adm
adm:::root,adm,daemon
tty:::
disk:::root
lp:::daemon,lp
mem:::
kmem:::
wheel:::root
mail:::mail
news:::news
uucp:::uucp
man:::
games:::
gopher:::
dip:::
ftp:::
lock:::
nobody:::
users:::
rpm:x::
dbus:x::
utmp:x::
utempter:x::
avahi:x::
mailnull:x::
smmsp:x::
nscd:x::
floppy:x::
vcsa:x::
rpc:x::
rpcuser:x::
nfsnobody:x::
sshd:x::
pcap:x::
ntp:x::
slocate:x::
haldaemon:x::
xfs:x::
gdm:x::
sabayon:x::
oinstall:!::
dba:!::oracle
mysql:!::
dasadm1:!::db2inst1
db2iadm1:!::
db2fadm1:!::
user01:!!::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
cat /etc/login.defs
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/login.defs
# *REQUIRED*
# Directory where mailboxes reside, _or_ name of file, relative to the
# home directory. If you _do_ define both, MAIL_DIR takes precedence.
# QMAIL_DIR is for Qmail
#
#QMAIL_DIR Maildir
MAIL_DIR /var/spool/mail
#MAIL_FILE .mail
# Password aging controls:
#
# PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.
# PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.
# PASS_MIN_LEN Minimum acceptable password length.
# PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.
#
PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999
PASS_MIN_DAYS 0
PASS_MIN_LEN 5
PASS_WARN_AGE 7
#
# Min/max values for automatic uid selection in useradd
#
UID_MIN 500
UID_MAX 60000
#
# Min/max values for automatic gid selection in groupadd
#
GID_MIN 500
GID_MAX 60000
#
# If defined, this command is run when removing a user.
# It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by
# the user to be removed (passed as the first argument).
#
#USERDEL_CMD /usr/sbin/userdel_local
#
# If useradd should create home directories for users by default
# On RH systems, we do. This option is overridden with the -m flag on
# useradd command line.
#
CREATE_HOME yes
# The permission mask is initialized to this value. If not specified,
# the permission mask will be initialized to 022.
UMASK 077
# This enables userdel to remove user groups if no members exist.
#
USERGROUPS_ENAB yes
# Use MD5 or DES to encrypt password? Red Hat use MD5 by default.
MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
ll -a /etc/skel/
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# ll -a /etc/skel/
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 29 2010 .
drwxr-xr-x 97 root root 12288 Feb 17 20:20 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33 Feb 1 2008 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Feb 1 2008 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 Feb 1 2008 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515 Dec 11 2007 .emacs
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 29 2010 .mozilla
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
cat /etc/default/useradd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/default/useradd
# useradd defaults file
GROUP=100
HOME=/home
INACTIVE=-1
EXPIRE=
SHELL=/bin/bash
SKEL=/etc/skel
CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
图形用户创建
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/passwd|grep user01
user01:x:503:503:user01 full name:/home/user01:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep user01
user01:!!$1$34ytQnSX$mkjzK7i5/jGRZh1FspVnw1:16483:1:2:1:2:18261:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
图形群组创建
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group|grep group
group01:x:504:sync,user01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep group
group01:!!::sync,user01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
groupadd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# groupadd -g 1001 -f -K GID_MIN=100 -K GID_MAX=60000 group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# groupadd -r group02sys
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group|grep group02
group02:x:1001:
group02sys:x:113:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep group02
group02:!::
group02sys:!::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
groupmod
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# groupmod -n group02new group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# groupmod -g 10001 group02new
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group|grep group02
group02sys:x:113:
group02new:x:10001:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep group02
group02sys:!::
group02new:!::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
groupdel
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# groupdel group02new
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group|grep group02
group02sys:x:113:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep group02
group02sys:!::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
gpasswd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# gpasswd -a user01 group02
Adding user user01 to group group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# gpasswd -d user01 group02
Removing user user01 from group group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# gpasswd group02
Changing the password for group group02
New Password:
Re-enter new password:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# gpasswd -r group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# gpasswd -A user01,user02 -M user02,user02 group02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/group|grep group02
group02sys:x:113:
group02::1001:user02,user02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep group02
group02sys:!::
group02::user01,user02:user02,user02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
useradd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# useradd -u 1001 -g 1001 -G 1002,1001 -d /home/useradd01 -s /bin/bash -e 2020-01-01 -p 123456 -f 20 useradd01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/passwd|grep useradd01
useradd01:x:1001:1001::/home/useradd01:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep useradd01
useradd01:123456:16483:0:99999:7:20:18262:
userdel
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# userdel -r useradd01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# ll /home/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 dasusr1 dasadm1 4096 May 1 2010 dasusr1
drwx------ 3 db2fenc1 db2fadm1 4096 May 1 2010 db2fenc1
drwxr-xr-x 9 db2inst1 db2iadm1 4096 Feb 16 07:40 db2inst1
drwx------ 16 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb 17 07:15 oracle
drwx------ 3 user01 user01 4096 Feb 17 20:26 user01
drwx------ 3 user02 user02 4096 Feb 17 21:37 user02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
usermod
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -c 修 user01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/passwd|grep user01
user01:x:503:503:修改:/home/user01:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -l usermode01 user01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/passwd|grep usermo
usermode01:x:503:503:修改:/home/user01:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -f 999 usermode01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep usermo
usermode01:!!$1$34ytQnSX$mkjzK7i5/jGRZh1FspVnw1:16483:1:2:1:999:18261:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -g 1001 usermode01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/passwd|grep usermo
usermode01:x:503:1001:修改:/home/user01:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -L usermode01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# passwd -S usermode01
usermode01 LK 2015-02-17 1 2 1 999 (Password locked.)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -U usermode01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# passwd -S usermode01
usermode01 PS 2015-02-17 1 2 1 999 (Password set, MD5 crypt.)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# usermod -e 09/09/2019 usermode01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep usermode01
usermode01:$1$wyDWa62m$EhheYuVGxipxh/PsUWHr3/:16483:1:2:1:999:18148:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
密码日期
上次修改密码时间
两次密码修改间隔最少天数1 1天之后才能修改 -n(passwd)
两次密码修改间隔最多天数2 2天之前需要修改， -x(passwd)
提前多少天警告密码过期3 提前3天提示密码过期 -w(passwd)
密码过期多少天后禁止使用4 过期4天后禁止使用 -f(usermod) -i(passwd)
过期日期 -e(usermod)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# useradd userdate
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# passwd userdate
Changing password for user userdate.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep userdate
userdate:$1$6W.yHeF0$dCOueLZ4UV9725O7xny.W/:16483:1:2:3:4:16524:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
创建用户和组群特殊方法
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# vi /etc/passwd
userdate:x:505:505::/home/userdate:/bin/bash
teshu:x:666:666::/home/teshu:/bin/bash
~
~
-- INSERT --
"/etc/passwd" 41L, 1834C written
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep teshu
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# pwconv
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/shadow|grep teshu
\teshu:x:16483:0:99999:7:::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# vi /etc/group
userdate:x:505:
teshu:x:666:
"/etc/group" 56L, 806C written
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep teshu
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# grpconv
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# cat /etc/gshadow|grep teshu
teshu:x::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# mkdir /home/teshu
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cp -r /etc/skel/ /home/teshu/
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# ls -la /home/teshu/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 17 23:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Feb 17 23:06 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 17 23:07 skel
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd teshu
Changing password for user teshu.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chown -R teshu.teshu /home/teshu/
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chmod 700 /home/teshu/
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat /etc/shadow|grep teshu
teshu:$1$BqNw1.JB$Uyapc85iZpJ.GgcW9VYVF1:16483:0:99999:7:::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su - teshu
-bash-3.2$ pwd
/home/teshu
-bash-3.2$
大批量添加用户
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat userfile.txt
batchuser01:x:6601:6601::/home/batchuser01:/bin/bash
batchuser02:x:6602:6602::/home/batchuser02:/bin/bash
batchuser03:x:6603:6603::/home/batchuser03:/bin/bash
batchuser04:x:6604:6604::/home/batchuser04:/bin/bash
batchuser05:x:6605:6605::/home/batchuser05:/bin/bash
batchuser06:x:6606:6606::/home/batchuser06:/bin/bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat userpwdfile.txt
batchuser01:111
batchuser02:222
batchuser03:333
batchuser04:444
batchuser05:555
batchuser06:666
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# newusers userfile.txt
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chpasswd < userpwdfile.txt
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# pwconv
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
passwd
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -n 1 -x 2 -w 3 -i 4 user02
Adjusting aging data for user user02.
passwd: Success
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat /etc/shadow|grep user02
user02:!!:16483:1:2:3:4::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd user02
Changing password for user user02.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -l user02
Locking password for user user02.
passwd: Success
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -S user02
user02 LK 2015-02-17 1 2 3 4 (Password locked.)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -u user02
Unlocking password for user user02.
passwd: Success.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -S user02
user02 PS 2015-02-17 1 2 3 4 (Password set, MD5 crypt.)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# passwd -d user02
Removing password for user user02.
passwd: Success
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat /etc/shadow|grep user02
user02::16483:1:2:3:4::
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
chfn
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chfn -f user02fullname -o office -p officephone -h 88853722 user02
Changing finger information for user02.
Finger information changed.
finger
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# finger -l user02
Login: user02 Name: user02fullname
Directory: /home/user02 Shell: /bin/bash
Office: office, officephone Home Phone: 88853722
Never logged in.
No mail.
No Plan.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# finger -s
Login Name Tty Idle Login Time Office Office Phone
batchuser02 pts/5 10 Feb 17 23:25 (192.168.0.1)
oracle pts/2 2 Feb 17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle pts/3 Feb 17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle pts/4 44 Feb 17 22:51 (192.168.0.1)
root root *:0 Feb 17 20:15
root root pts/1 3:15 Feb 17 20:16 (:0.0)
chsh
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chsh -l
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chsh -s /bin/sh user02
Changing shell for user02.
Shell changed.
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat /etc/passwd|grep user02
user02:x:504:1002:user02fullname,office,officephone,88853722:/home/user02:/bin/sh
su
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su batchuser02
bash-3.2$ exit
exit
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su -l batchuser02
-bash-3.2$ exit
logout
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su --login batchuser02
-bash-3.2$ exit
logout
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su - batchuser02
-bash-3.2$ exit
logout
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su -l -c 'mkdir test' batchuser02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su batchuser02
bash-3.2$ cd ~
bash-3.2$ ls
test
bash-3.2$
[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ su
Password:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# init 0
bash: init: command not found
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# init
bash: init: command not found
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# which init
/usr/bin/which: no init in (/usr/kerberos/sbin
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 oracle]# exit
exit
[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ su - root
Password:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# which init
/sbin/init
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# init 0
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#
pwck
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# rm -rf /home/user02/
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# pwck
user adm: directory /var/adm does not exist
user news: directory /etc/news does not exist
user uucp: directory /var/spool/uucp does not exist
user gopher: directory /var/gopher does not exist
user ftp: directory /var/ftp does not exist
user pcap: directory /var/arpwatch does not exist
user sabayon: directory /home/sabayon does not exist
user user02: directory /home/user02 does not exist
pwck: no changes
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
newgrp id
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# su useradd01
[useradd01@mylinuxdbserver1 home]$ id
uid=1001(useradd01) gid=1001(group02) groups=1001(group02),1002(user02)
[useradd01@mylinuxdbserver1 home]$ newgrp user01
Password:
[useradd01@mylinuxdbserver1 home]$ id
uid=1001(useradd01) gid=503(user01) groups=503(user01),1001(group02),1002(user02)
[useradd01@mylinuxdbserver1 home]$
groups
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# groups useradd01
useradd01 : group02 user02
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
id
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# id -g
0
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# id -G
0 1 2 3 4 6 10
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# id -u
0
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# id bin
uid=1(bin) gid=1(bin) groups=1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
w
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# w
00:02:58 up 4:04, 6 users, load average: 0.22, 0.21, 0.18
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root :0 - 20:15 ?xdm? 1:55 0.35s /usr/bin/gnome-session
root pts/1 :0.0 20:16 3:40m 0.19s 0.19s bash
oracle pts/2 192.168.0.1 20:22 19:46 0.61s 0.04s login -- oracle
oracle pts/3 192.168.0.1 20:22 0.00s 1.27s 0.04s login -- oracle
oracle pts/4 192.168.0.1 22:51 1:10m 0.15s 0.01s man passwd
batchuse pts/5 192.168.0.1 23:25 36:28 0.09s 0.09s -bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# w -l
00:03:01 up 4:04, 6 users, load average: 0.22, 0.21, 0.18
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root :0 - 20:15 ?xdm? 1:55 0.35s /usr/bin/gnome-session
root pts/1 :0.0 20:16 3:41m 0.19s 0.19s bash
oracle pts/2 192.168.0.1 20:22 19:49 0.61s 0.04s login -- oracle
oracle pts/3 192.168.0.1 20:22 0.00s 1.28s 0.04s login -- oracle
oracle pts/4 192.168.0.1 22:51 1:10m 0.15s 0.01s man passwd
batchuse pts/5 192.168.0.1 23:25 36:31 0.09s 0.09s -bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# w -s
00:03:05 up 4:04, 6 users, load average: 0.20, 0.21, 0.18
USER TTY FROM IDLE WHAT
root :0 - ?xdm? /usr/bin/gnome-session
root pts/1 :0.0 3:41m bash
oracle pts/2 192.168.0.1 19:53 login -- oracle
oracle pts/3 192.168.0.1 0.00s login -- oracle
oracle pts/4 192.168.0.1 1:10m man passwd
batchuse pts/5 192.168.0.1 36:35 -bash
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
who
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# who
root :0 2015-02-17 20:15
root pts/1 2015-02-17 20:16 (:0.0)
oracle pts/2 2015-02-17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle pts/3 2015-02-17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle pts/4 2015-02-17 22:51 (192.168.0.1)
batchuser02 pts/5 2015-02-17 23:25 (192.168.0.1)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# who -m
oracle pts/3 2015-02-17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# who -q
root root oracle oracle oracle batchuser02
# users=6
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# who -w
root ? :0 2015-02-17 20:15
root + pts/1 2015-02-17 20:16 (:0.0)
oracle + pts/2 2015-02-17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle + pts/3 2015-02-17 20:22 (192.168.0.1)
oracle + pts/4 2015-02-17 22:51 (192.168.0.1)
batchuser02 + pts/5 2015-02-17 23:25 (192.168.0.1)
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
chage
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chage -m 1 -M 2 -d 111 -I 3 -E 2019-08-08 -W 4 useradd01
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# cat /etc/shadow|grep useradd01
useradd01:123456:111:1:2:4:3:18116:
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]# chage -l useradd01
Last password change : Apr 22, 1970
Password expires : Apr 24, 1970
Password inactive : Apr 27, 1970
Account expires : Aug 08, 2019
Minimum number of days between password change : 1
Maximum number of days between password change : 2
Number of days of warning before password expires : 4
[root@mylinuxdbserver1 home]#
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/95429/viewspace-668908/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
