RMAN命令总结：
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一、list常用命令总结备忘

list命令列出控制文件、RMAN恢复目录中备份信息
是我们对所有可见的数据库备份文件的一个最直观的了解的方法

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list incarnation;
list backup summary;
list backup of database summary;
list backup of tablespace summary;
list backup of datafile n,n summary;
list archivelog all summary;

list backup by file;
list backup;
list expired backup;
list copy;

list backup of spfile;
list backup of controlfile;
list backup datafile n,n,n;
list backup tablespace tablespace_name;
list backup of archivelog all;
list backup of archivelog from scn ...;
list backup of archivelog until scn ...;
list backup of archivelog from sequence ..;
list backup of archivelog until time 'sysdate-10';
list backup of archivelog {all, from, high, like, logseq, low, scn, sequence, time, until};

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当前RMAN所备份的数据库：
RMAN> list incarnation;
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汇总查询：--如果备份文件多的话多用这两个list命令可以对备份文件有个总体了解。
1. list backup summary; --概述可用的备份

B 表示backup
A 表示Archivelog、 F 表示full backup、 0,1,2 表示incremental level备份
A 表示可用AVALIABLE、 X 表示EXPIRED

这个命令可以派生出很多类似命令，例如
list backup of database summary
list backup of archivelog all summary
list backup of tablespace users summary;
list backup of datafile n,n,n summary

这些命令可以让我们对已有的备份文件有一个整体，直观的了解。

2.list backup by file;--按照文件类型分别列出

分别为：数据文件列表、归档日志列表、控制文件列表、SPFILE列表

3.list backup;
这个命令列出已有备份集的详细信息。

4.list expired backup;
列出过期的备份文件

5.list copy;
列出copy文件
list copy of database;
list copy of controlfile;
list copy of tablespace users;
list copy of datafile n,n,n;
list copy of archivelog all;
list copy of archivelog from scn 10000;
list copy of archivelog until sequence 12;
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list backup of {archivelog, controlfile, database, datafile, spfile, tablespace};
list backup of database; --full,incremental,tablespace,datafile

服务器参数文件:
list backup of spfile;
控制文件：
list backup of controlfile;
数据文件：
list backup of datafle n,n,n,n;
表空间：
list backup of tablespace tablespace_name;--表空间对应的backup

归档日志：
list backup of archivelog {all, from, high, like, logseq, low, scn, sequence, time, until};
list backup of archivelog all;
list backup of archivelog until time 'sysdate-1';
list backup of archivelog from sequence 10;
list backup of archivelog until sequence 10;
list backup of archivelog from scn 10000;
list backup of archivelog until scn 200000;

list archivelog from scn 1000;
list archivelog until scn 2000;
list archivelog from sequence 10;
list archivelog until sequence 12;[@more@]
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二、report常用命令总结备忘
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report用于判断数据库当前可恢复状态、以及数据库已有备份的信息。
最常使用的是report obsolete;report schema;
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report {device, need, obsolete, schema, unrecoverable}

report schema;
report obsolete;
report unrecoverable;
report need backup;
report need backup days=3; --报告最近3天内没有备份的文件
report need backup redundancy=3; --报告冗余次数小于3的数据文件。
report need backup recovery window of 2 days;
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1.report schema;
报告数据库模式
2.report obsolete;
报告已丢弃的备份集(配置了保留策略)。
3.report unrecoverable;
报告当前数据库中不可恢复的数据文件(即没有这个数据文件的备份、或者该数据文件的备份已经过期)
4.report need backup;
报告需要备份的数据文件(根据条件不同)
report need backup days=3;
--最近三天没有备份的数据文件(如果出问题的话，这些数据文件将需要最近3天的归档日志才能恢复)
report need backup incremental=3;
--需要多少个增量备份文件才能恢复的数据文件。(如果出问题，这些数据文件将需要3个增量备份才能恢复)
report need backup redundancy=3;
--报告出冗余次数小于3的数据文件
--例如数据文件中包含2个数据文件system01.dbf和users01.dbf.
--在3次或都3次以上备份中都包含system01.dbf这个数据文件，而users01.dbf则小于3次
--那么，报告出来的数据文件就是users01.dbf
--即，报告出数据库中冗余次数小于 n 的数据文件
report need backup recovery window of 2 days;
--报告出恢复需要2天归档日志的数据文件

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三、backup常用命令总结备忘
1.设置备份标记
backup database tag='full_bak1';
注：每个标记必须唯一，相同的标记可以用于多个备份只还原最新的备份。

2.设置备份集大小(一次备份的所有结果为一个备份集，要注意备份集大小)
backup database maxsetsize=100m tag='datafile1';
注：maxsetsize限定备份集的大小。所以必须大于数据库总数据文件的大小，否则会报错。
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize 10m tag='test';

Starting backup at 2007-06-13 16:38:03
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 06/13/2007 16:38:03
RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy larger than MAXSETSIZE: file# 1 /data/oradata/system01.dbf

3.设置备份片大小(磁带或文件系统限制)
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk maxpicecsize 100m format '/data/backup/full_0_%U_%T';
backup database tag='full_0';
release channel c1;
}
可以在allocate子句中设定每个备份片的大小，以达到磁带或系统限制。
也可以在configure中设置备份片大小。
Configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100 m;
configure channel device type disk clear;

4.备份集的保存策略
backup database keep forever; --永久保留备份文件
backup database keep until time='sysdate+30'; --保存备份30天
5.重写configure exclude命令
backup databas noexclude keep forever tag='test backup';

6.检查数据库错误
backup validate database;
使用RMAN来扫描数据库的物理/逻辑错误，并不执行实际备份。

7.跳过脱机，不可存取或只读文件
backup database skip readonly;
backup database skip offline;
backup database skip inaccessible;
backup database ship readonly skip offline ship inaccessible;

8.强制备份
backup database force;

9.基于上次备份时间备份数据文件
1>只备份添加的新数据文件
backup database not backed up;
2>备份"在限定时间周期内"没有被备份的数据文件
backup database not backed up since time='sysdate-2';

10.备份操作期间检查逻辑错误
backup check logical database;
backup validate check logical database;

11.生成备份副本
backup database copies=2;

12.备份控制文件
backup database device type disk includ current controlfile;

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四、configure常用命令总结备忘
1 显示当前的配置信息
===========================
1.01 RMAN> show all;
1.02 查询RMAN设置中非默认值:
SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configure;

2. 常用的configure选项
===========================
2.01 保存策略 (retention policy)
configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
configure retention policy clear;

2.02 备份优化 backup optimization
configure backup optimization on;
configure backup optimization off;
configure backup optimization clear;

2.03 默认设备 default device type
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;

2.04 控制文件 controlfile
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';
configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;

2.05 并行数(通道数) device type disk|stb pallelism n;
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;
configure device type disk|stb clear;
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 2 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m

2.06 生成备份副本 datafile|archivelog backup copies
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear
BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK DATABASE
FORMAT '/disk1/backup/%U', '/disk2/backup/%U', '/disk3/backup/%U';

2.07 排除选项 exclude
configure exclude for tablespace 'users';
configrue exclude clear;

2.08 备份集大小 maxsetsize
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear;

2.09 其它选项 auxiliary
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_1.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_2.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_3.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_4.f';
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CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 CLEAR;

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rman常用命令

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