1. Using Data Guard Broker and Enterprise Manager

Data Guard Broker: Components

Client-side:Two interfaces

– Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control

– A command-line interface: DGMGRL

Server-side: Data Guard monitor

– DMON process

– Configuration files

A broker configuration consists of

A configuration object

Database objects

Instance objects

Data Guard Broker: Requirements

• You must use the Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database 10g.

• 10g企业版

• 单实例或多实例

• 主备数据库Compatible参数设置为9.2.0.1.0以上

• Oracle Net network files必须在各数据库上配置

• 每个instance上的LOCAL_LISTENER必须被解析为一个所有member都能访问的地址

• 为使得DGMGRL能重启实例，在每个实例的local listener中必须静态注册一个服务，其中GLOBAL_DBNAME设置格式为db_unique_name_DGMGRL.db_domain

• 初始化参数DG_BROKER_START = TRUE

• 主数据库为归档模式

• 所有数据库在mount或open状态

• RAC环境下必须使用DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn(1,2)指定所有实例使用同一组configuration files（在共享存储上）

• 在RAC数据库在OCR中设置START_OPTIONS为MOUNT

Data Guard Broker and the SPFILE

数据库必须使用spfile启动，以便Data Guard Broker能够同步spfile和configuration file中的设置。建议使用Data Guard Broker来更新数据库的参数。

Data Guard Monitor: DMON Process

Server端的后台进程，在启动broker时创建，用于完成各项操作，在多个DMON间进行交互，更新configuration file

Data Guard Monitor: Configuration File

Broker启动时在默认路径自动创建，可通过DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn参数来修改文件名。由DMON进行自动维护，存在两份，互为备份。

2. Creating a Configuration and Physical Standby Database by Using Enterprise Manager

3. Creating a Physical Standby Database by Using SQL

Steps to Create a Physical Standby Database

1. Prepare the primary database.

a) Database一级enable force logging

b) 创建密码文件

c) 设置初始化参数

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(chicago,boston)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=boston

VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto

ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET

LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE

d) 打开归档

2. Back up the primary database.

数据库全备&standby controlfile

3. Copy files to the standby system.

数据库全备、standby controlfile、pfile

4. Set parameters on the physical standby database.

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston

SERVICE_NAMES=boston

CONTROL_FILES='/arch1/boston/control1.ctl','/arch2/boston/control2.ctl'

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT= '/arch1/chicago/','/arch1/boston/',

'/arch2/chicago/','/arch2/boston/'

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/arch1/chicago/','/arch1/boston/',

'/arch2/chicago/','/arch2/boston/'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/arch1/boston/

VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=chicago

VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=chicago'

INSTANCE_NAME=boston

FAL_SERVER=chicago

FAL_CLIENT=boston

STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST = '/standby/arc_dest/'（override log_archive_dest_n）

Windows平台上创建服务

创建密码文件

为主备数据库配置listener和网络服务名

为standby创建spfile

5. Start the standby database.

恢复备份，启动实例，启到managed standby方式

6. Additional Configuration Tasks

创建standby redo log

enable real-time apply

enable flashback database

upgrade the data protection mode

使用data gurad broker配置standby configuration（已有standby）

1. 设置DG_BROKER_START=TRUE

2. 创建configuration

$ dgmgrl

DGMGRL> CONNECT sys/;

DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION 'DRSolution' AS

> PRIMARY DATABASE IS 'North_Sales'

> CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS North_Sales.foo.com;

3. 向configuration中添加standby

DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE 'DR_Sales' AS

> CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS DR_Sales.foo.com

> MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;

4. Setting Database Properties

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'DR_Sales' SET PROPERTY

> 'LogArchiveFormat'='log_%t_%s_%r_%d.arc';

查看DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE VERBOSE 'DR_Sales';

5. Enabling the Configuration and Databases

DGMGRL> ENABLE CONFIGURATION;

4. Configuring Data Protection Modes and Redo Transport Services

Defining the Redo Transport Mode

ARCH and LGWR-使用ARCH或LGWR进程进行redo的传输

SYNC and ASYNC (LGWR only)-网络I/O的同步或异步

AFFIRM and NOAFFIRM-磁盘I/O的同步或异步

Data Protection Modes

Maximum Protection: standby redo logs, SYNC, LGWR, AFFIRM

Maximum Availability: standby redo logs, SYNC, LGWR, AFFIRM

Maximum Performance: LGWR&ASYNC or ARCH

Setting the Data Protection Mode

升级保护模式要求重启primary数据库，降级则不需要

1. 使用EM

2. 使用CLI（首先创建standby redo）

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'site1_edrsr8p1' SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC';

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXAVAILABILITY;

3. 使用SQL

首先设置相关参数

ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PROTECTION;

Delaying the Application of Redo

可避免一些Data corruption或user errors

使用log_archive_dest_n中的delay选项（分钟）

可使用flashback database来实现同样的目的

Additional Attributes That Affect Redo Transport Services

ALTERNATE: 设置一个alternate dest，Require REOPEN=0 or MAX_FAILURE

DEPENDENCY

MAX_FAILURE: 重试次数，Requires REOPEN

NET_TIMEOUT: 设置一个比默认值更小的超时，在最大保护模式下慎用

REOPEN: 两次重试之间的时间（秒），设置为0则不重试

Enabling Multiple Connections for Remote Archival of Redo

设置MAX_CONNECTIONS，使得归档文件可以并行传输。

必须保证LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES足够大。

注：logical standby暂时无视