[TOCM]

# 您需要知道的
- 本篇为 ORACLE 19c 版本在 RHEL 8.2 上进行的 Single Instance File System （SIFS）单实例文件系统搭建
- 您可在[甲骨文官网](https://www.oracle.com/index.html)或[交付云网站](https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/Home.jspx;jsessionid=2NF3MSsi2HWOX0Se6sSqEl8JIBhDRueKeLanaHxau1YbNH6wPQir!-1388851915)进行 ORACLE 19c 数据库软件的下载试用
- 您需要熟悉如何去搭建 Linux 操作系统，可参考 [G005-OS-INS-02](http://blog.itpub.net/69986162/viewspace-2730748/) 一文完成此操作
- 您需要有 Linux 使用经验，这是基础，也是每位 IT 从业者需要的必备技能

# 1 主机环境准备
## 1.1 实验系统规划
|磁盘名称|磁盘大小|分区目录|分区大小|作用|
|:-:|:-:|:-:|
|/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|/boot|500 M|引导分区|
|/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|swap|8192 M|交换分区|
|/dev/nvme0n1|50 G|/|41.5 G|根分区|
|/dev/nvme0n2|50 G|/oracle|50 G|DB软件及数据库|

## 1.2 操作系统安装（略）

- 您可参考 [G005-OS-INS-02](http://blog.itpub.net/69986162/viewspace-2730748/) 一文完成此操作

## 1.3 创建文件系统
### 1.3.1 分区

- 对磁盘 /dev/nvme0n2 进行分区

```shell
[root@henry ~]# fdisk -l
[root@henry ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4ad9ce65.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):

Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@henry ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdd754cd9

Device         Boot    Start       End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 *        2048   1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n1p2       1026048  17803263 16777216    8G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/nvme0n1p3      17803264 104857599 87054336 41.5G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/nvme0n2: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4ad9ce65

Device         Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n2p1       2048 104857599 104855552  50G 83 Linux
```

### 1.3.2 格式化

- 对 /dev/nvme0n2p1 分区进行格式化

```shell
[root@henry ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n2p1
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n2p1         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276736 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13106944, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=6399, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
```
### 1.3.3 挂载

- 将格式化后的分区 /dev/nvme0n2p1 挂载至 /oracle 目录

```shell
[root@henry ~]# mkdir /oracle
[root@henry ~]# mount /dev/nvme0n2p1 /oracle
[root@henry ~]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G   10M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p3 xfs        42G  5.3G   37G  13% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs       495M  198M  298M  40% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     795M  1.2M  794M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs          tmpfs     795M  4.6M  790M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0       iso9660   7.9G  7.9G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/nvme0n2p1 xfs        50G  390M   50G   1% /oracle
```

### 1.3.4 开机自启

- 为保证操作系统重启后，挂载的分区路径依然有效，可将信息写入开机自启配置文件 /etc/fstab 中

```shell
[root@henry ~]# blkid /dev/nvme0n2p1 
/dev/nvme0n2p1: UUID="1a6ea626-09e3-42a3-bb25-4692744346ac" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="4ad9ce65-01"

# 将分区获取到的 UUID 写入 /etc/fstab 文件中

[root@henry ~]# vim /etc/fstab

# 添加以下行

UUID=1a6ea626-09e3-42a3-bb25-4692744346ac /oracle    xfs   defaults   0  0
```
![](http://img.blog.itpub.net/blog/2020/10/29/a148d349e65959cc.png?x-oss-process=style/bb)

## 1.4 关闭防火墙

- 如已关闭，跳过本小节

```shell
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
```

## 1.5 禁用SELinux

- 如已禁用，跳过本小节

```shell
setenforce 0

# 编辑 /etc/selinx/config

SELINUX=disabled
```

## 1.6 配置 HOSTS 文件

- 编辑 /etc/hosts 文件，添加 IP 地址及主机名

```shell
echo "192.168.1.82 henry" >> /etc/hosts
```

## 1.7 配置内核参数

- 编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，添加内核参数

```shell
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1887436
kernel.shmmax = 7730941132
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
```

- 使之生效

```shell
/sbin/sysctl -p
```

## 1.8 限制用户资源

- 编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，添加资源限制

```shell
oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768

# 若内存小于8G，大内存页配置可忽略
#oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
#oracle   soft   memlock    134217728
```

## 1.9 配置YUM源

> RHEL 8 版本的 YUM 仓库分为两个部分
BaseOS 为操作系统底层提供的基础安装包
AppStream 应用程序流为应用程序、语言运行库和数据库提供安装包

- 编辑创建 /etc/yum.repos.d/henry.repo

```shell
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mv redhat.repo redhat.repo.bak
echo "[henry_baseos]" >> henry.repo
echo "name=19cbaseos" >> henry.repo
echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS/" >> henry.repo
echo "enabled=1" >> henry.repo
echo "gpgcheck=0" >> henry.repo

echo "[henry_appstream]" >> henry.repo
echo "name=19cappstream" >> henry.repo
echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream/" >> henry.repo
echo "enabled=1" >> henry.repo
echo "gpgcheck=0" >> henry.repo
```
- 运行检查yum仓库

```shell
yum repolist all

[root@henry yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id                 repo name                                     status
henry_appstream         19cappstream                                  enabled
henry_baseos            19cbaseos                                     enabled
```
## 1.10 RPM包安装
```shell
dnf install -y bc
dnf install -y binutils
dnf install -y compat-libstdc++-33
dnf install -y elfutils-libelf
dnf install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
dnf install -y fontconfig-devel
dnf install -y glibc
dnf install -y glibc-devel
dnf install -y ksh
dnf install -y libaio
dnf install -y libaio-devel
dnf install -y libXrender
dnf install -y libXrender-devel
dnf install -y libX11
dnf install -y libXau
dnf install -y libXi
dnf install -y libXtst
dnf install -y libgcc
dnf install -y librdmacm-devel
dnf install -y libstdc++
dnf install -y libstdc++-devel
dnf install -y libxcb
dnf install -y make
dnf install -y net-tools # Clusterware
dnf install -y nfs-utils
dnf install -y python
dnf install -y python-configshell
dnf install -y python-rtslib
dnf install -y python-six
dnf install -y targetcli
dnf install -y smartmontools
dnf install -y sysstat
dnf install -y unixODBC
dnf install -y libnsl2
dnf install -y libnsl2.i686
dnf install -y lrzsz
dnf install -y libnsl
```
## 1.11 创建用户和组

```shell
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

# 更改 `oracle` 用户密码

passwd oracle
```
## 1.12 创建目录及授权

```shell
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
mkdir /oracle/soft
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
chmod -R 775 /oracle
```
## 1.13 配置oracle用户环境变量

> 如果不使用 cat 命令，则需要去除 $ 符号前面的转移字符 `\`

```shell
mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=henry
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=CDB1
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/oracle/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=CDB1
export PDB_NAME=PDB1
export DATA_DIR=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF

# 将环境变量脚本文件添加至 `/home/oracle/.bash_profile`

echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# 切换 oracle 用户，查看环境

su - oracle
env |grep ORACLE
```

# 2 数据库软件安装
## 2.1 解压

> 从 ORACLE 18c 版本开始，您必须把压缩文件解压到 $ORACLE_HOME 里面

```shell
[root@henry ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
[root@henry ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle
[root@henry ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@henry ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@henry dbhome_1]$ unzip -q /oracle/soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
```

## 2.2 设置版本兼容

> 当前 RHEL 8 如不设置版本兼容，则会报 [INS-08101]错误

```shell
[oracle@henry dbhome_1]$ export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL7.6
```

## 2.3 执行安装

- oracle 用户执行以下脚本

```shell
# 图形安装 
./runInstaller

# 静默安装
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent \
-responseFile /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_install.rsp \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=henry \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/app/oraInventory \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB \
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1 \
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba \
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
```

## 2.4 执行脚本

- root 用户执行以下脚本

```shell
/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
```

# 3 创建监听

```shell
# 停止默认监听
lsnrctl stop

# 图形创建
netca

# 静默创建
netca -silent -responseFile /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
```

# 4 创建数据库

## 4.1 建库

- oracle 用户执行以下脚本

```shell
# 启动监听
lsnrctl start

# 图形创建
dbca

# 静默创建
dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname CDB1 \
-sid CDB1 \
-databaseConfigType SI \
-createAsContainerDatabase TRUE \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName PDB1 \
-useLocalUndoForPDBs TRUE \
-pdbAdminPassword oracle \
-sysPassword oracle \
-systemPassword oracle \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-memoryPercentage 30
```

## 4.2 登录

```sql
[oracle@henry ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Oct 29 14:30:59 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME
---------
CDB1

SQL> select banner_full from v$version;

BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME   			OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
	 2     PDB$SEED			   READ ONLY  NO
	 3     PDB1 			      READ WRITE NO
```

## 4.3 添加启动/关闭数据库服务脚本（可选）

> 如果不使用 cat 命令，则需要去除 $ 符号前面的转移字符 `\`

- 启库脚本

```shell
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF
```

- 关库脚本

```sql
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF
```

- 授权

```shell
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts
chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh
```

- 编辑 /etc/oratab 文件，将启动标志设置为 Y

```shell
vim /etc/oratab

CDB1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1:Y
```

- oracle用户调用脚本

```shell
~/scripts/start_all.sh
~/scripts/stop_all.sh
```
[End]

ITPub博客

G006-ORACLE-INS-SIFS-01 ORACLE 19C SIFS Ins ON RHEL 8.2

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