写在前面：上面文写rman的备份，这次写不同情况的恢复

1 准备

备端：有个最新的200201.ZIP备份包。恢复端：192.168.56.60  

恢复端：创建个接受备份包的路径

ORACLE>mkdir /home/oracle/rman

备端：scp 200201.zip root@192.168.56.60:/home/oracle/rman

2 数据库启动到nomount

i) nomount是读取的参数文件spfile，由于我们没有spfile文件，要创建可用性的假的pfile文件骗数据库

ORACLE>vi a.txt

db_block_size=8192

qw

ii) 用a.txt启动

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/rman/a.txt';
用备份集恢复真实spfile

RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/full_TEST_1031238574_279_1';

--注：全备里最小的是参数文件

iii)关库，再启动，会默认用spfile启动

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

--再次启动nomount报错，百度原因是因为我一个库里有两个实例，启动时/dev/shm就不够用了。

a）先查看shm大小

ROOT>df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs           495M  224K  494M   1% /dev/shm

b）修改大小

ROOT>vi /etc/fstab

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=8G       0 0

--具体为何改成8G不太明明了

c）一定一定要remount

ROOT>mount -o remount /dev/shm

再次启动到nomount，又报错

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

--百度原因：参数文件中，没有db_recovery_file_dest值得路径

a）由于已经恢复spfile，就要生成pfile查看db_recovery_file_dest

SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/rman/b.txt' from spfile;

File created.

b）查看b.txt文件（先前假文件是a.txt哈，不要混）

vi b.txt

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'      咱就是没有这个目录，所以要在oracle下创建

c）[oracle@jcy1 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area            一定要注意写全路径

再次启动到nomount

SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

3 启动到mount状态

mount 读取的是控制文件

i）RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';

Starting restore at 01-FEB-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/01/2020 10:55:54
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/oradata/test/control01.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1

报错原因：可能是参数文件中，control_files=的位置问题

a）查看b.txt，

解决方法：把02.ctl删除，后期再添加，由于这时数据库已经在nomount状态，又修改了pfile文件，所以需要关库，生成spfile，再启动

b）SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/rman/b.txt';

SQL> startup nomount;

c）再次恢复控制文件

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';

还是报 i 的同样错，这是咋回事呢 ？

ORA-19504: failed to create file "/oradata/test/control01.ctl"     

噢 ，原来是路径问题，没有test路径

ORACLE>mkdir /oradata/test -p

ii）再次恢复控制文件

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/200201/ctl_TEST_1031238591_283_1';

Starting restore at 01-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/oradata/test/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 01-FEB-20
iii）启动到mount
RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

iii）RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/rman/200201';

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

这里遇到了注册问题

解决方法：直接删除备份集，然后重新注册

a）重名名备份目录

mv 200201 20200201

b）删除备份集

RMAN>delete backup

c）重新注册

RMAN>catalog start with '/home/oracle/rman/20200201';

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

完成

4 数据库启动到open

先恢复数据文件

i）RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 01-FEB-20
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=24 device type=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/01/2020 14:55:12
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore

暂未解决，网上百度关于化身的问题，但是不懂呀，不懂

后来想到先逐个恢复数据文件

RMAN> restore datafile 1;

RMAN> restore datafile 2;

RMAN> restore datafile 3;

RMAN> restore datafile 4;

Starting restore at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/07/2020 21:51:13
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore

RMAN> restore datafile 5;

RMAN> restore datafile 6;

具体恢复几个文件，可以查询一下，因为这时候数据库已经mount了

select name,status,file# from v$datafile;

恢复

RMAN> restore database skip tablespace users;

Starting restore at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1

skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /oradata/test/system01.dbf
skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
skipping datafile 5; already restored to file /oradata/js_data01.dbf
restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 07-FEB-20

RMAN> recover database skip tablespace users;

Starting recover at 07-FEB-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1

Executing: alter database datafile 4 offline
Executing: alter database datafile 6 offline
starting media recovery

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=54
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/0212/0211/arch_TEST_1032111767_307_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/0212/0211/arch_TEST_1032111767_307_1 tag=TAG20200211T174247
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/arch/1_54_1026827294.dbf thread=1 sequence=54
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=55
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman/0212/arch_TEST_1032111767_308_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman/0212/arch_TEST_1032111767_308_1 tag=TAG20200211T174247
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/arch/1_55_1026827294.dbf thread=1 sequence=55
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=56
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 02/07/2020 22:01:04
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 56 and starting SCN of 1640815

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

原来是备份有问题，备端的200201.ZIP备份包，有文件是offline的

SQL> select name,status,file# from v$datafile;

NAME                   STATUS        FILE#
------------------------------ ------- ----------
/oradata/test/system01.dbf     SYSTEM        1
/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf     ONLINE        2
/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf    ONLINE        3
/oradata/test/users01.dbf      OFFLINE        4
/oradata/js_data01.dbf           ONLINE        5
/oradata/USERS02.DBF           OFFLINE        6

6 rows selected.

rman恢复.txt