数据库 启动报错，600 检查发现是有个坏块，下面是相关的修复步骤，

首先，将文件从asm 拷贝出来，然后将这个块拷贝到了本机。

本机修改这个数据块 

[oracle@zc bbed]$ bbed parfile=./bbed.par

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Tue Dec 2 09:11:49 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> set blocksize 8192

BLOCKSIZE      8192

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

Block 0 is corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x24000000 (file 0, block 0)

Bad header found during verification

Data in bad block:

 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x241bb42c

 last change scn: 0x0000.0e1b.2cc0c27a seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

 spare3: 0x0

 consistency value in tail: 0xc27a0601

 check value in block header: 0xb31a

 computed block checksum: 0x0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

上面发现rdba有问题

BBED> p kcbh

struct kcbh, 20 bytes                       @0       

   ub1 type_kcbh                            @0        0x06

   ub1 frmt_kcbh                            @1        0xa2

   ub2 wrp2_kcbh                            @2        0x0000

   ub4 rdba_kcbh                            @4        0x241bb42c

   ub4 bas_kcbh                             @8        0x2cc0c27a

   ub2 wrp_kcbh                             @12       0x0e1b

   ub1 seq_kcbh                             @14       0x01

   ub1 flg_kcbh                             @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)

   ub2 c-h-kval_kcbh                          @16       0xb31a

   ub2 spare3_kcbh                          @18       0x0000

BBED> assign rdba_kcbh=0x24000000

Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y

ub4 rdba_kcbh                               @4        0x24000000

改成现在的 ，后面dd 回去的时候还得改回去，

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 1, Block 1:

current = 0x072d, required = 0x072d

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

Block Checking: DBA = 603979776, Block Type = KTB-managed data block

data header at 0x2557064

kdbc-h-k: the amount of space used is not equal to block size

        used=138 fsc=8645 avsp=957 dtu=9740 dtl=8088 (s3=0, typ=6)

Block 0 failed with check code 6110

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

6110 报错

BBED> modify /x 0000 offset 62

 File: /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block (1)

 Block: 1                Offsets:   62 to  573           Dba:0x00400001

------------------------------------------------------------------------

 00001059 b9242000 1600474c 100005b0 05024745 29000080 1b0e1059 b9240000 

 00000000 00000001 28001400 6200f703 bd03bd03 00002800 bb061808 7509d50a 

 370c9b0d fc0e5910 b7111a13 7514ce15 27178518 e319491b aa1c0c1e f7035905 

 15001600 17001800 19001a00 1b001c00 1d001e00 1f002000 21002200 23002400 

 25002600 2700ffff ffff2e15 d7148014 2914d213 7b132413 cd127612 1f12c811 

 71111a11 c3106c10 1510be0f 670f100f b90e620e 0b0eb40d 5d0d060d af0c580c 

 010c0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 000010b9 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 1, Block 1:

current = 0x5b41, required = 0x5b41

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

Block Checking: DBA = 603979776, Block Type = KTB-managed data block

data header at 0x2579064

kdbc-h-k: the amount of space used is not equal to block size

        used=138 fsc=0 avsp=957 dtu=1095 dtl=8088 (s3=0, typ=6)

Block 0 failed with check code 6110

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

BBED> assign kdbh.kdbhavsp=7950;       

sb2 kdbhavsp                                @110      7950

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 1, Block 1:

current = 0x47f2, required = 0x47f2

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

Block Checking: DBA = 603979776, Block Type = KTB-managed data block

data header at 0x2579064

kdbc-h-k: avsp(7950) > tosp(957)

Block 0 failed with check code 6128

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

 

BBED> assign kdbh.kdbhtosp=7950;    

sb2 kdbhtosp                                @112      7950

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 1, Block 1:

current = 0x5b41, required = 0x5b41

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

Block Checking: DBA = 603979776, Block Type = KTB-managed data block

data header at 0x259b064

kdbc-h-k: space available on commit is incorrect

        tosp=7950 fsc=0 stb=40 avsp=7950

Block 0 failed with check code 6111

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

BBED> assign kdbh.kdbhtosp=7990;

sb2 kdbhtosp                                @112      7990

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 1, Block 1:

current = 0x5b79, required = 0x5b79

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /home/oracle/bbed/bad.block

BLOCK = 0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1

Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty            : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0

Total Blocks Influx           : 0

Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED