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The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three ... ''' ``` * 首先需要导入BeautifulSoup模块,再实例化BeautifulSoup对象 ``` from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(data,'lxml') ``` 然后通过BeautifulSoup提供的方法就可以拿到HTML的元素、属性、链接、文本等,BeautifulSoup模块可以将不完整的HTML文档,格式化为完整的HTML文档 ,比如我们打印`print(soup.prettify())`看一下输出什么? ``` The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story Once upon a time there were three ... ``` * 获取标签,如title标签,a标签等 ``` print('title = {}'.format(soup.title)) # 输出:title = The Dormouse's story print('a={}'.format(soup.a)) ``` * 获取标签的名称,如title标签,body标签等 ``` print('title_name = {}'.format(soup.title.name)) # 输出:title_name = title print('body_name = {}'.format(soup.body.name)) # 输出:body_name = body ``` * 获取标签的内容,如title标签 ``` print('title_string = {}'.format(soup.title.string)) # 输出:title_string = The Dormouse's story ``` - 如果想要获取某个标签的父标签的名称,可以使用parent,如title标签,可以得到父标签head标签,且会自定补齐不完整的标签; ``` print('title_pareat_name = {}'.format(soup.title.parent)) # 输出:title_pareat_name = The Dormouse's story ``` - 获取第一个p标签 ``` print('p = {}'.format(soup.p)) # 输出:p = The Dormouse's story ``` - 获取第一个p标签的class的值,获取第一个a标签的class值 ``` print('p_class = {}'.format(soup.p["class"])) # 输出:p_class = ['title'] print('a_class = {}'.format(soup.a["class"])) # 输出:a_class = ['sister'] ``` - 获取所有的标签 ``` # 获取所有的a标签 print('a = {}'.format(soup.find_all('a'))) # 获取所有的p标签 print('p = {}'.format(soup.find_all('p'))) ``` * 获取id为link3的标签 ``` print('a_link = {}'.format(soup.find(id='title'))) # 输出:a_link = The Dormouse's story ``` ### 3.BeautifulSoup中的对象 * BeautifulSoup对象分为四类,分别是`Tag(获取标签)`, `NavigableString(获取标签内容)` , `BeautifulSoup(根标签)`, `Comment(标签内的所有的文本)` ; 语法: * `soup.标签名`:获取HTML中的标签; * `soup.标签名.name`:获取HTML中标签的名称; * `soup.标签名.attrs`:获取标签的所有属性; * `soup.标签名.string`:获取HTML中标签的文本内容; * `soup.标签名.parent`:获取HTML中标签的父标签; * `prettify()方法`:可以将Beautiful Soup的文档树格式化后以Unicode编码输出,每个XML/HTML标签都独占一行; ### 4.遍历文档 * `contents`:获取所有子节点,返回一个列表,可以通过下标取值; ``` soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") # 返回一个列表 print(soup.p.contents) # 拿到第一个子节点 print(soup.p.contents[0]) ``` * `children`:返回子节点的生成器对象; ``` for tag in soup.p.children: print(tag) ``` * `soup.strings`:获取所有节点的内容,包括空格; ``` soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") for content in soup.strings: print(repr(content)) ``` * `soup.stripped_strings`:获取所有节点的内容,不包括空格; ``` soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") for tag in soup.stripped_strings: print(repr(tag)) ``` ### 5.查找标签 * `find_all()`:查找所有指定标签名称的子节点(可同时查找多个标签),并判断是否符合过滤器的条件,返回一个列表; ``` soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") print(soup.find_all('a')) print(soup.find_all(['a','p'])) print(soup.find_all(re.compile('^a'))) ``` * `find()`:和find_all()差不多,但是find_all() 方法的返回结果是值包含一个元素的列表,而 find() 方法直接返回结果; ``` soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml") print(soup.find('a')) ``` * 更多关于Beautiful Soup模块的知识可以查看:[https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/index.zh.html](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/index.zh.html) 参考:[https://www.9xkd.com/user/plan-view.html?id=1742870460](https://www.9xkd.com/user/plan-view.html?id=1742870460)
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Once upon a time there were three ...
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注册时间:2019-01-23