1. 如果在已经处于 ESTABLISHED状态下的socket(一般由端口号和标志符区分)调用closesocket(一般不会立即关闭而经历TIME_WAIT的过程)后想继续重用该socket:BOOL bReuseaddr=TRUE;setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET ,SO_REUSEADDR,(const char*)&bReuseaddr,sizeof(BOOL));2. 如果要已经处于连接状态的soket在调用closesocket后强制关闭,不经历TIME_WAIT的过程:BOOL bDontLinger = FALSE; setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_DONTLINGER,(const char*)&bDontLinger,sizeof(BOOL));3.在send(),recv()过程中有时由于网络状况等原因,发收不能预期进行,而设置收发时限:int nNetTimeout=1000;//1秒//发送时限setsockopt(socket,SOL_S0CKET,SO_SNDTIMEO,(char *)&nNetTimeout,sizeof(int));//接收时限setsockopt(socket,SOL_S0CKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(char *)&nNetTimeout,sizeof(int));4.在send()的时候,返回的是实际发送出去的字节(同步)或发送到socket缓冲区的字节(异步);系统默认的状态发送和接收一次为8688字节(约为8.5K);在实际的过程中发送数据和接收数据量比较大,可以设置socket缓冲区,而避免了send(),recv()不断的循环收发:// 接收缓冲区int nRecvBuf=32*1024;//设置为32Ksetsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,(const char*)&nRecvBuf,sizeof(int));//发送缓冲区int nSendBuf=32*1024;//设置为32Ksetsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_SNDBUF,(const char*)&nSendBuf,sizeof(int));5. 如果在发送数据的时,希望不经历由系统缓冲区到socket缓冲区的拷贝而影响程序的性能:int nZero=0;setsockopt(socket,SOL_S0CKET,SO_SNDBUF,(char *)&nZero,sizeof(nZero));6.同上在recv()完成上述功能(默认情况是将socket缓冲区的内容拷贝到系统缓冲区):int nZero=0;setsockopt(socket,SOL_S0CKET,SO_RCVBUF,(char *)&nZero,sizeof(int));7.一般在发送UDP数据报的时候,希望该socket发送的数据具有广播特性:BOOL bBroadcast=TRUE; setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_BROADCAST,(const char*)&bBroadcast,sizeof(BOOL));8.在client连接服务器过程中,如果处于非阻塞模式下的socket在connect()的过程中可以设置connect()延时,直到accpet()被呼叫(本函数设置只有在非阻塞的过程中有显著的作用,在阻塞的函数调用中作用不大)BOOL bConditionalAccept=TRUE;setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_CONDITIONAL_ACCEPT,(const char*)&bConditionalAccept,sizeof(BOOL));9.如果在发送数据的过程中(send()没有完成,还有数据没发送)而调用了closesocket(),以前我们一般采取的措施是"从容关闭"shutdown(s,SD_BOTH),但是数据是肯定丢失了,如何设置让程序满足具体应用的要求(即让没发完的数据发送出去后在关闭socket)?struct linger {u_short l_onoff;u_short l_linger;};linger m_sLinger;m_sLinger.l_onoff=1;//(在closesocket()调用,但是还有数据没发送完毕的时候容许逗留)// 如果m_sLinger.l_onoff=0;则功能和2.)作用相同;m_sLinger.l_linger=5;//(容许逗留的时间为5秒)setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_LINGER,(const char*)&m_sLinger,sizeof(linger));Note:1.在设置了逗留延时,用于一个非阻塞的socket是作用不大的,最好不用;2.如果想要程序不经历SO_LINGER需要设置SO_DONTLINGER,或者设置l_onoff=0;10.还一个用的比较少的是在SDI或者是Dialog的程序中,可以记录socket的调试信息:(前不久做过这个函数的测试,调式信息可以保存,包括socket建立时候的参数,采用的具体协议,以及出错的代码都可以记录下来)BOOL bDebug=TRUE;setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_DEBUG,(const char*)&bDebug,sizeof(BOOL));11.附加:往往通过setsockopt()设置了缓冲区大小,但还不能满足数据的传输需求,我的习惯是自己写个处理网络缓冲的类,动态分配内存;下面我将这个类写出,希望对初学者有所帮助://仿照String 改写而成//==============================================================================// 二进制数据,主要用于收发网络缓冲区的数据// CNetIOBuffer 以 MFC 类 CString 的源代码作为蓝本改写而成,用法与 CString 类似,// 但是 CNetIOBuffer 中存放的是纯粹的二进制数据,' 并不作为它的结束标志。// 其数据长度可以通过 GetLength() 获得,缓冲区地址可以通过运算符 LPBYTE 获得。//==============================================================================// Copyright (c) All-Vision Corporation. All rights reserved.// Module: NetObject// File: SimpleIOBuffer.h// Author: gdy119// Email : 8751webmaster@126.com// Date: 2004.11.26//==============================================================================// NetIOBuffer.h#ifndef _NETIOBUFFER_H#define _NETIOBUFFER_H//=============================================================================#define MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH 1024*1024//=============================================================================//主要用来处理网络缓冲的数据class CNetIOBuffer {protected:LPBYTE m_pbinData;int m_nLength;int m_nTotalLength;CRITICAL_SECTIONm_cs;void Initvalibers();public:CNetIOBuffer();CNetIOBuffer(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength);CNetIOBuffer(const CNetIOBuffer&binarySrc);virtual ~CNetIOBuffer();//=============================================================================BOOL CopyData(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength);BOOL ConcatData(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength);void ResetIoBuffer();int GetLength() const;BOOL SetLength(int nLen);LPBYTE GetCurPos();int GetRemainLen();BOOL IsEmpty() const;operator LPBYTE() const;static GetMaxLength() { return MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH; }const CNetIOBuffer& operator=(const CNetIOBuffer& buffSrc);};#endif // // NetOBuffer.cpp: implementation of the CNetIOBuffer class.//======================================================================#include "stdafx.h"#include "NetIOBuffer.h"//======================================================================//=======================================================================// Construction/DestructionCNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer(){Initvalibers();}CNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength){Initvalibers();CopyData(lbbyte, nLength);}CNetIOBuffer::~CNetIOBuffer(){delete []m_pbinData;m_pbinData=NULL;DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);}CNetIOBuffer::CNetIOBuffer(const CNetIOBuffer&binarySrc){Initvalibers();CopyData(binarySrc,binarySrc.GetLength());}void CNetIOBuffer::Initvalibers(){m_pbinData = NULL;m_nLength = 0;m_nTotalLength = MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH;if(m_pbinData==NULL){m_pbinData=new BYTE[m_nTotalLength];ASSERT(m_pbinData!=NULL);}InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);}void CNetIOBuffer::ResetIoBuffer(){EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);m_nLength = 0;memset(m_pbinData,0,m_nTotalLength);LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);}BOOL CNetIOBuffer::CopyData(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength){if( nLength > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )return FALSE;ResetIoBuffer();EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);memcpy(m_pbinData, lbbyte, nLength );m_nLength = nLength;LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);return TRUE;}BOOL CNetIOBuffer::ConcatData(const LPBYTE lbbyte, int nLength){if( m_nLength + nLength > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )return FALSE;EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);memcpy(m_pbinData+m_nLength, lbbyte, nLength );m_nLength += nLength;LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);return TRUE;}int CNetIOBuffer::GetLength() const{return m_nLength;}BOOL CNetIOBuffer::SetLength(int nLen){if( nLen > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )return FALSE;EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);m_nLength = nLen;LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);return TRUE;}LPBYTE CNetIOBuffer::GetCurPos(){if( m_nLength < MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH )return (m_pbinData+m_nLength);elsereturn NULL;}CNetIOBuffer:: operator LPBYTE() const{return m_pbinData;}int CNetIOBuffer::GetRemainLen(){return MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH - m_nLength;}BOOL CNetIOBuffer::IsEmpty() const{return m_nLength == 0;}const CNetIOBuffer& CNetIOBuffer:: operator=(const CNetIOBuffer& buffSrc){if(&buffSrc!=this){CopyData(buffSrc, buffSrc.GetLength());}return *this;}[@more@]
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