下了李刚的Struts2权威指南，根据书上的方式做配置。不过struts的版本为最新的2.2.1，遇到了一些问题。
先把一些设定的贴上来：
WEB-INF/web.xml:

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   version="2.5">

struts2

org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher

struts2

/*

login.jsp

WEB-INF\classes\struts.xml:

        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">



            /error.jsp
            /welcome.jsp



loginAction.java:
package johnson.action;
public class loginAction{
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername()
    {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username)
    {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword()
    {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password)
    {
        this.password = password;
    }
    //处理用户请求
    public String execute() throws Exception{
        //账号，密码：scott/tiger时，返回success
        //否则返回error
        if(getUsername().equals("scott") && getPassword().equals("tiger"))
        {
                 return "success";
        }
        else
        {
                 return "error";
        }
    }
}

一开始，从struts2.2.1导入了5个包：
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
freemarker-2.3.16.jar
ognl-3.0.jar
struts2-core-2.2.1.jar
xwork-core-2.2.1.jar

结果启动tomcat的时候，报错了：

2010-9-25 15:21:05 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger wa
rn
警告: Could not create JarEntryRevision for [jar:file:/D:/Java/apache-tomcat-6.0
.29/webapps/johnson/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar]!
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/io/output/NullOutputStream
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.FileManager$JarEntryRevision.build(FileM
anager.java:307)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.FileManager.loadFile(FileManager.java:14
5)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.FileManager.loadFile(FileManager.java:10
5)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loa
dConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:898)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loa
dDocuments(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:154)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.ini
t(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:121)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContai
ner(DefaultConfiguration.java:179)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(
ConfigurationManager.java:66)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Di
spatcher.java:371)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:415)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.
java:190)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(Applicatio
nFilterConfig.java:295)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(Applica
tionFilterConfig.java:422)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFi
lterConfig.java:115)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.
java:4001)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4
651)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase
.java:791)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:77
1)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546)

        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.jav
a:1041)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.j
ava:964)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java
:321)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:445
)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
19)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.io.output.NullOu
tputStream
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1645)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1491)
        ... 38 more
2010-9-25 15:21:06 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger in
fo
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-default.xml]
2010-9-25 15:21:06 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger er
ror
严重: Dispatcher initialization failed
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Java/apache-tomcat-6.0.29/we
bapps/johnson/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(
ConfigurationManager.java:69)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Di
spatcher.java:371)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:415)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.
java:190)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(Applicatio
nFilterConfig.java:295)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(Applica
tionFilterConfig.java:422)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFi
lterConfig.java:115)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.
java:4001)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4
651)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase
.java:791)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:77
1)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546)

        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.jav
a:1041)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.j
ava:964)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java
:321)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:445
)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
19)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.Mul
tiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequ
est - bean - jar:file:/D:/Java/apache-tomcat-6.0.29/webapps/johnson/WEB-INF/lib/
struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:48:178
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.reg
ister(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:232)
        at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(Str
utsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContai
ner(DefaultConfiguration.java:180)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(
ConfigurationManager.java:66)
        ... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/FileUpl
oadException
        at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2389)
        at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1836)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.reg
ister(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222)
        ... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileU
ploadException
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1645)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1491)
        ... 37 more
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/johnson] startup failed due to previous errors
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory ROOT
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-8009
2010-9-25 15:21:06 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 1127 ms

在网上查找，说2.1.6开始就要再引入两个包：
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
commons-io-1.3.2.jar

然后引入这两个包，重启tomcat。还是有问题：

2010-9-25 15:31:07 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory johnson
2010-9-25 15:31:08 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger in
fo
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-default.xml]
2010-9-25 15:31:09 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger in
fo
信息: Unable to locate configuration files of the name struts-plugin.xml, skippi
ng
2010-9-25 15:31:09 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger in
fo
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-plugin.xml]
2010-9-25 15:31:09 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger in
fo
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts.xml]
2010-9-25 15:31:09 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger er
ror
严重: Dispatcher initialization failed
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(Co
ntainerImpl.java:295)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$ConstructorInjector.cons
truct(ContainerImpl.java:431)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$5.create(ContainerBui
lder.java:207)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Scope$2$1.create(Scope.java:51)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$3.create(ContainerBui
lder.java:93)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuild
er.java:487)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder$7.call(ContainerBuild
er.java:484)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerI
mpl.java:574)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerBuilder.create(ContainerBuild
er.java:484)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.createBootst
rapContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:252)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContai
ner(DefaultConfiguration.java:193)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(
ConfigurationManager.java:66)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Di
spatcher.java:371)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:415)
        at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.
java:190)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(Applicatio
nFilterConfig.java:295)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(Applica
tionFilterConfig.java:422)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.(ApplicationFi
lterConfig.java:115)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.
java:4001)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4
651)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase
.java:791)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:77
1)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546)

        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.jav
a:1041)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.j
ava:964)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java
:321)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:445
)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
19)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.inject(Co
ntainerImpl.java:293)
        ... 41 more
Caused by: java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
        at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory.setContainer(OgnlV
alueStackFactory.java:85)
        ... 46 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Javassist library is missing in c
lasspath! Please add missed dependency!
        at ognl.OgnlRuntime.(OgnlRuntime.java:165)
        ... 47 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javassist.ClassPool
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1645)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoa
der.java:1491)
        at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:169)
        at ognl.OgnlRuntime.(OgnlRuntime.java:162)
        ... 47 more
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/johnson] startup failed due to previous errors
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader clearThreadLocal
Map
严重: The web application [/johnson] created a ThreadLocal with key of type [nul
l] (value [com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$10@9cfec1]) and a value
of type [java.lang.Object[]] (value [[Ljava.lang.Object;@11946c2]) but failed to
remove it when the web application was stopped. This is very likely to create a
memory leak.
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory ROOT
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-8009
2010-9-25 15:31:09 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 2435 ms

然后找到了下面这个帖子：
http://topic.csdn.net/u/20100825/22/bc4344a1-9cd9-45a1-a12d-012a9a3e99b5.html
其中有人回帖：
在使用struts-2.2.1时，需要引入javassist-3.7.ga.jar，而这个在struts-2.2.1\lib下是没有的，需要在struts-2.2.1\apps\struts2-blank-2.2.1.war下的lib中找。

然后引入，重启Tomcat，搞定！

另外的一个回帖说：
把ognl-3.0.jar换成ognl-2.6.11.jar
这个方式也可以。
看来使用ognl-3.0.jar还得再搭配javassist-3.7.ga.jar

忙了半天，终于好了

Struts2+sprint2+ibatis+Ajax的路还很长

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Struts 2.2.1配置至Tomcat时的出错

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