1、禁用selinux

getenforce
    setenforce 0
    vim /etc/selinux/config

2、关闭防火墙、禁止开机启动

systemctl stop firewalld.service
    systemctl disable firewalld.service

3、修改主机名

主机名中禁止使用下划线“_”，建议使用小写字母，长度小于8位
    hostnamectl set-hostname mydb1
    hostnamectl set-hostname mydb2
    修改完重新登录

4、配置yum

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /dev/sr0 /media/
    cat rhel7.repo
    [base]
    name=rhel7.7
    baseurl=file:///media
    enable=1
    gpgcheck=0

5、关闭没必要的服务

Redhat6:
    
    service iptables stop
    service ip6tables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
    chkconfig ip6tables off
    service sshd start
    chkconfig sshd on
    service Bluetooth stop
    chkconfig Bluetooth off
    service postfix stop
    chkconfig postfix off
    service cups stop
    chkconfig cups off
    service cpuspeed off
    chkconfig cpuspeed off
    service NetworkManager stop
    chkconfig NetworkManager off
    service vsftpd stop
    chkconfig vsftpd off
    service dhcpd stop
    chkconfig dhcpd off
    service nfs stop
    chkconfig nfs off
    service nfslock stop
    chkconfig nfslock off
    service ypbind stop
    chkconfig ypbind off
    
    Redhat7:
    .................

5、安装依赖包

--检查
    rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' \
    binutils \
    compat-libcap1 \
    compat-libstdc++-33 \
    gcc \
    gcc-c++ \
    glibc \
    glibc-devel \
    ksh \
    libstdc++ \
    libstdc++-devel \
    libaio \
    libaio-devel \
    make \
    sysstat
    
    --安装
    
    yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat openssh-clients compat-libcap1 xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth elfutils unixODBC unixODBC-devel libXp elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel smartmontools

6、内核参数修改

--计算方法：cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max + 512 * process * instance number
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    --计算方法：getconf PAGE_SIZE   TOTAL RAM  IN BYTES / PAGE_SIZE
    kernel.shmall = ‭536870912‬
    --计算方法：HALF OF TOTAL RAM  IN BYTES
    kernel.shmmax = ‭1073741824‬
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304
    vm.dirty_ratio=20
    vm.dirty_background_ratio=3
    vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=100
    vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500
    vm.swappiness=10
    vm.min_free_kbytes=524288
    #rp_filter，这里假设 eth2 和 eth3 都是私有网卡
    net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
    net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
    #IP分片汇聚的最大/最小内存用量，计算公式：numCPU *130000，逻辑 cpu 为 96，那么 high参数建议至少设置为 12m 以上。同时 low 参数比 high 参数少 1m 即可。
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=16777216
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=15728640
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=60
    
    -----修改后如下：
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.shmall = 536870912
    kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304
    vm.dirty_ratio= 20
    vm.dirty_background_ratio= 3
    vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs= 100
    vm.dirty_expire_centisecs= 500
    vm.swappiness= 10
    vm.min_free_kbytes= 524288
    net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
    net.ipv4.conf.ens39.rp_filter = 2
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=16777216
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=15728640
    net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=60

7、关闭操作系统透明大页

redhat7
    
    # cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    always madvise [never]
    
    --增加transparent_hugepage=never
    cat /etc/default/grub
    GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
    GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
    GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
    GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=myvg/swap rd.lvm.lv=myvg/usr
    vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.lvm.lv=myvg/root crashkernel=auto
    vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"
    GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
    
    --对grub生效
    # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    Generating grub configuration file ...
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
    Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-
    41c535c189b842eea5a8c20cbd9bff26
    Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-
    41c535c189b842eea5a8c20cbd9bff26.img
    done
    --关闭tuned服务
    
    # systemctl stop tuned.service
    # systemctl disable tuned.service
    
    --重启
    reboot
    --确认
    cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    
    
    redhat6、redhat7
    在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中加入下面配置，重启生效：
    
    if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
    echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    fi
    if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
    echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    fi
    
    重启后确认结果如下：
    
    cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
    always [never]
    cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
    always [never]

8、ntp设置

Redhat6配置： 
    
    # vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
    # Drop root to id 'ntp:ntp' by default.
    OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"   #启动微调模式
    # Set to 'yes' to sync hw clock after successful ntpdate
    SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes  #同步硬件bios时间
    
    #vi /etc/ntp.conf
    server xx.xx.xx.xx prefer   #添加ntp服务器地址为首要地址
    server 127.127.1.0 iburst#添加本机为次要同步地址
    
    #vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers
    xx.xx.xx.xx#添加ntp服务器地址，设置在ntp启动时自动同步时间
    
    配置完毕后，重启ntpd服务，并查看状态
    
    chkconfig ntpd on
    service ntpd restart
    ntpstat#查看ntpd服务状态
    date  #查看时间是否正常
    
    redhat7配置：
    
    yum install ntp
    
    vi /etc/ntp.conf
    
    server 10.5.26.10 iburst
    
    vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
    
    OPTIONS="-x -g"
    
    systemctl start ntpd.service
    
    systemctl enable ntpd.service
    
    systemctl status ntpd.service

9、网卡绑定

red6
    
    touch /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
    
    echo "alias bondeth0 bonding" >> /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
    
    vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
    DEVICE=bond0
    ONBOOT=yes
    BOOTPROTO=static
    USERCTL=no
    NM_CONTROLLED=no
    IPADDR=10.1.2.3
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=10.1.2.254
    BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"
    
    vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    DEVICE=eth0
    ONBOOT=yes
    BOOTPROTO=none
    MASTER=bond0
    SLAVE=yes
    USERCTL=no
    NM_CONTROLLED=no
    
    echo "ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1" >>/etc/rc.d/rc.local
    
    重启服务器
    
    查看状态
    
    cat /sys/class/net/bonding_masters
    cat /sys/class/net/bondeth0/bonding/mode
    cat /proc/net/bonding/bondeth0
    
    通过拔插网线验证
    
    red7 
    
    nmcli team

10、网络检查

(1). 确保节点间通信网络（私有网络）是通过单独的交换机连接，而不是直连。
    (2). 确保所有节点的连接到相同网络的网卡名称、网络子网都一样。比如连接到 public
    网络的网卡名称都叫 eth0，其 IP 地址子网都是 133.37.x.0，子网掩码都为
    255.255.255.0。
    (3). 确保系统中有且只有一个默认路由，并且是通过 public 网络到达默认路由。
    (4). 确保网卡到网络的带宽是正确的。
    
    #ethtool eth1
    Settings for eth1:
    Supported ports: [ TP ]
    Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
    1000baseT/Full
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
    Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
    100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
    1000baseT/Full
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
    Speed: 1000Mb/s
    Duplex: Full
    Port: Twisted Pair
    
    PHYAD: 1
    Transceiver: internal
    Auto-negotiation: on
    Supports Wake-on: umbg
    Wake-on: g
    Current message level: 0x00000003 (3)
    Link detected: yes
    
    上面的 Speed: 1000Mb/s 表示连接的实际网络带宽为 1000Mbps。虽然交换机、网卡都
    是 1000Mbps 或以上带宽，但有时由于端口问题、网络线缆问题等原因，实际带宽
    并没有这么多。
    (5). 确保在私有网络上开启了多播。可以在 Oracle 官方支持网站上下载 mcasttest.pl
    脚本进行检查

11、存储多路径配置

见https://www.modb.pro/db/14031

12、创建用户组

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
    groupadd -g 1001 dba
    groupadd -g 1002 oper
    groupadd -g 1003 asmadmin
    groupadd -g 1004 asmoper
    groupadd -g 1005 asmdba
    useradd -u 1000 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
    useradd -u 1001 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper grid

13、limits限制

touch /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf
    grid  soft  nproc 16384
    grid  hard  nproc 16384
    grid  soft  nofile 10240
    grid  hard  nofile 65536
    grid  soft  stack 10240
    grid  hard  stack 32768
    grid  soft  memlock unlimited
    grid  hard  memlock unlimited
    grid  soft  core unlimited
    grid  hard  core unlimited
    
    oracle  soft  nproc 16384
    oracle  hard  nproc 16384
    oracle  soft  nofile 10240
    oracle  hard  nofile 65536
    oracle  soft  stack 10240
    oracle  hard  stack 32768
    oracle  soft  memlock unlimited
    oracle  hard  memlock unlimited
    oracle  soft  core unlimited
    oracle  hard  core unlimited
    
    
    touch /etc/profile.d/oracle-grid.sh
    
    #Setting the appropriate ulimits for oracle and grid user
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    	if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    		ulimit -u 16384
    		ulimit -n 65536
    else
    		ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    	fi
    fi
    if [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
    	if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    		ulimit -u 16384
    		ulimit -n 65536
    	else
    		ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    	fi
    fi

14、创建目录

集群软件BASE目录：/u01/app/oracle
    集群软件HOME目录：/u01/app/11.2.0/grid 
    数据库软件BASE目录：/u01/app/oracle
    数据库软件HOME目录：/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
    
    
    mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
    mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
    chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
    chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/
    chmod -R 755 /u01

15、设置oracle、grid用户环境变量

oracle:
    
    export  TMP=/tmp
    export  TMPDIR=$TMP
    export  ORACLE_SID=racdb1;
    export  ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    export  ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_home
    export  ORACLE_TERM=xterm
    export  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
    export  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
    export  CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
    export	NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
    export	LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    umask 022
    
    
    grid:
    
    export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
    export ORACLE_OWNER=grid
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib 
    PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin$:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    export	LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    export PATH 
    umask 022

16、修改hosts文件

Public IP：别名直接使用主机名，即uname –a返回的机器名；
    Private IP: 别名为主机名-priv。
    Virtual IP：别名为主机名-vip。
    SCAN IP：别名为数据库名-scan。
    
    #Public Ip
    192.168.0.203 mydb1
    192.168.0.204 mydb2
    #Virtual Ip
    192.168.0.205 mydb1-vip
    192.168.0.206 mydb2-vip
    #Private Ip
    192.168.124.203 mydb1-priv
    192.168.124.204 mydb2-priv
    #Scan Ip
    192.168.0.207 racdb-scan

17、设置互信

安装grid软件时使用sshUserSetup.sh快速创建互信, $node1 $node2变量参数需要根据实际节点名称进行内容调整。
    在一个节点上执行即可（可以在root用户下执行）：
    ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid  -hosts "$node1 $node2" -advanced -exverify –confirm
    ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle  -hosts "$node1 $node2" -advanced -exverify -confirm

18、命名规范

1）集群（CLUSTER）的命名规则
    Cluster name本身没有特殊用途，仅在使用其他管理工具统一管理不同RAC实例时有用，不得超过15个字符。
    ${DB_NAME}-cls
    2)SCAN的命名规则
    SCAN 名称本身没有特殊用途，仅在使用其他管理工具统一管理时有用，不得超过15个字符。
    ${DB_NAME}-scan

19、安装时检查忽略选项

1）Package：pdksh-5.2.14
    2)Device Checks for AM
    3)Task resolv.conf Integrity

20、grid集群软件安装，在执行root.sh脚本前，添加ohas服务

touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
    chmod 777 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ohas.service
    
    ohas.service ：
    
    [Unit]
    Description=Oracle High Availability Services
    After=syslog.target
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 Type=simple
    Restart=always
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable ohas.service
    systemctl start ohas.service
    systemctl status ohas.service

21、在两个节点分别执行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh脚本

执行顺序：1节点orainstRoot.sh，2节点orainstRoot.sh，1节点root.sh,2节点root.sh
    
    1节点：
    
    [root@mydb1 system]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
    Adding read,write permissions for group.
    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
    
    Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
    The execution of the script is complete.
    [root@mydb1 system]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
    Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 
    
    The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    
    Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
       Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
    
    
    Creating /etc/oratab file...
    Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
    Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
    Finished running generic part of root script.
    Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
    Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
    Creating trace directory
    User ignored Prerequisites during installation
    Installing Trace File Analyzer
    OLR initialization - successful
      root wallet
      root wallet cert
      root cert export
      peer wallet
      profile reader wallet
      pa wallet
      peer wallet keys
      pa wallet keys
      peer cert request
      pa cert request
      peer cert
      pa cert
      peer root cert TP
      profile reader root cert TP
      pa root cert TP
      peer pa cert TP
      pa peer cert TP
      profile reader pa cert TP
      profile reader peer cert TP
      peer user cert
      pa user cert
    Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
    **ohasd failed to start** ##出现该提示需要重启ohas.service服务
    Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow: 
    2020-01-10 08:16:18.019: 
    [client(23496)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.
    
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    
    已成功创建并启动 ASM。
    
    已成功创建磁盘组OCRDG。
    
    clscfg: -install mode specified
    Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
    Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
    Operation successful.
    CRS-4256: Updating the profile
    Successful addition of voting disk 992a298111ba4fb8bf16c75cdd232ca8.
    Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCRDG.
    CRS-4256: Updating the profile
    CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
    ##  STATEFile Universal IdFile Name Disk group
    --  ------------------------------- ---------
     1. ONLINE   992a298111ba4fb8bf16c75cdd232ca8 (/dev/mapper/asm_ocr1p1) [OCRDG]
    Located 1 voting disk(s).
    sh: /bin/netstat: 没有那个文件或目录
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.OCRDG.dg' on 'mydb1'
    CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.OCRDG.dg' on 'mydb1' succeeded
    软件包准备中...
    cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.x86_64
    Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
    
    2节点：
    
    [root@mydb2 etc]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
    Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
    Adding read,write permissions for group.
    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
    
    Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
    The execution of the script is complete.
    [root@mydb2 etc]# 
    [root@mydb2 etc]# cd
    [root@mydb2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
    Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 
    
    The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
    
    Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
       Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
    
    
    Creating /etc/oratab file...
    Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
    Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
    Finished running generic part of root script.
    Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
    Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
    Creating trace directory
    User ignored Prerequisites during installation
    Installing Trace File Analyzer
    OLR initialization - successful
    Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
    **ohasd failed to start** ##出现该提示需要重启ohas.service服务
    Failed to start the Clusterware. Last 20 lines of the alert log follow: 
    2020-01-10 08:27:01.458: 
    [client(21808)]CRS-2101:The OLR was formatted using version 3.
    
    CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node mydb1, number 1, and is terminating
    An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster
    sh: /bin/netstat: 没有那个文件或目录
    软件包准备中...
    cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.x86_64
    Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
    
22、报错忽略

1）Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for aCluster
    2)Oracle Cluster Verification Utility

23、数据库软件安装检查忽略项

1）Package:pdksh-5.2.14
    2)Task resolv.conf Integrity
    3)Single Client Access Name(SCAN)

23、安装报错

提示：Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs'of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
    
    解决方法如下：
    cd $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib
    cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak
    vi ins_emagent.mk
    /NMECTL 快速定位，修改如下：
    
    $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
    说明：第一个是字母l   后面两个是数字1
    
    然后点击 Retry

24、root用户下，在两个节点分别执行root.sh

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/root.sh
    
    [root@mydb2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/root.sh
    Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 
    
    The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
    
    Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
    The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
    The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
    The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
    
    Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
    Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
    Finished running generic part of root script.
    Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
    Finished product-specific root actions.

25、使用asmca配置实例安装所需磁盘

REDODG
DATADG
ARCHDG

26、使用dbca创建实例

27、配置hugepage，大页内存

使用大内存页有哪些好处：

1.   减少页表(Page Table）大小。每一个Huge Page，对应的是连续的2MB物理内存，这样12GB的物理内存只需要48KB的Page Table，与原来的24MB相比减少很多。
    2.   Huge Page内存只能锁定在物理内存中，不能被交换到交换区。这样避免了交换引起的性能影响。
    3.   由于页表数量的减少，使得CPU中的TLB（可理解为CPU对页表的CACHE）的命中率大大提高。
    4.   针对Huge Page的页表，在各进程之间可以共享，也降低了Page Table的大小。实际上这里可以反映出Linux在分页处理机制上的缺陷。而其他操作系统，比如AIX，对于共享内存段这样的内存，进程共享相同的页表，避免了Linux的这种问题。像笔者维护的一套系统，连接数平常都是5000以上，实例的SGA在60GB左右，要是按Linux的分页处理方式，系统中大部分内存都会被页表给用掉。

实施步骤如下：

1）检查/proc/meminfo
    grep -i hugepage /proc/meminfo
    2)计算HugePages_Total大小，使用hugepages_settings.sh脚本进行计算：
    
    #!/bin/bash
    KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }'`
    # Find out the HugePage size
    HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`
    # Start from 1 pages to be on the safe side and guarantee 1 free HugePage
    NUM_PG=1
    # Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
    for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | awk '{print $5}' | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
    do
    MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
    if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
    NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
    fi
    done
    # Finish with results
    case $KERN in
    '2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`;
    echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
    '2.6') MEM_LOCK=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ" | bc -q`;
    echo "Recommended setting within the kernel boot command line(/etc/sysctl.conf): vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG"
    echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle soft memlock $MEM_LOCK"
    echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle hard memlock $MEM_LOCK" ;;
    '3.10') MEM_LOCK=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ" | bc -q`;
    echo "Recommended setting within the kernel boot command line(/etc/sysctl.conf): vm.nr_hugepages =$NUM_PG"
    echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle soft memlock $MEM_LOCK"
    echo "Recommended setting within /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf: oracle hard memlock $MEM_LOCK" ;;
    *) echo "Unrecognized kernel version $KERN. Exiting." ;;
    esac
	#end ----

3）修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件，增加如下行，根据上步计算的hugepages大小：
	vm.nr_hugepages=9218

4)生效
	sysctl -p
	5）修改/etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf，增加如下,设定oracle用户可以锁定内存的大小 ，以KB为单位，可以设置为具体值，也可设置为unlimited:

oracle  soft  memlock unlimited
	oracle  hard  memlock unlimited
	6）重新启动实例

28、修改本地和集群监听端口号为11521

1）修改前确认：
    
    [grid@mydb1 ~]$ srvctl config listener
    Name: LISTENER
    Network: 1, Owner: grid
    Home: <CRS home>
    End points: TCP:1521
    [grid@mydb1 ~]$ srvctl config scan_listener
    SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 exists. Port: TCP:1521
    
    2）在集群下修改listener、scan_listener端口为11521,在一个节点执行
    
    srvctl modify listener -l LISTENER -p "TCP:11521"
    
    srvctl modify scan_listener -p 11521
    
    
    3）修改local_listener，进入sqlplus;
    
    alter system set local_listener = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.205)(PORT = 11521))' scope=both sid='racdb1';
    
    alter system set local_listener = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.206)(PORT = 11521))' scope=both sid='racdb2';
    
    4)修改remote_listener
    
    alter system set remote_listener='racdb-scan:11521' scope=both;
    
    5)在第1个节点关闭本地监听，修改listener.ora、endpoints_listener.ora、tnsnames.ora，并重启本地监听
    
    srvctl stop listener -l LISTENER -n mydb1
    
    cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
    
    --修改1521为11521
    
    vi endpoints_listener.ora
    
    vi listener.ora
    
    srvctl start listener -l LISTENER -n mydb1
    
    srvctl status listener -l LISTENER
    
    srvctl config listener
    
    6)在第2个节点关闭本地监听，修改listener.ora、endpoints_listener.ora、tnsnames.ora，并重启本地监听
    
    srvctl stop listener -l LISTENER -n mydb2
    
    cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
    
    --修改1521为11521
    
    vi endpoints_listener.ora
    
    vi listener.ora
    
    srvctl start listener -l LISTENER -n mydb2
    
    srvctl status listener -l LISTENER
    
    srvctl config listener
    
    7)修改ASM 监听端口 (如果不修改asm监听端口，lsnrctl status查看监听状态时不会显示asm服务监听状态）
    
    su - grid
    
    sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.205)(PORT=11521))' scope=both sid='+ASM1';
    alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.0.206)(PORT=11521))' scope=both sid='+ASM2';
    
    lsnrctl status

29、asm参数优化

ASM 磁盘组使用的是默认的 1M AU 大小，对于大型数据库，这会造成较多的内存占用，
    同时对性能略微有些影响，建议对于新增的用于放置数据文件的 ASM 磁盘组，适当调大 AU
    大小，比如 4M 或 8M（2 的幂值）。根据电信运营商的实际经验，建议设置  AU 为 为  4m 。

30、数据库参数修改推荐

Alter system set resource_manager_plan='FORCE:' scope =spfile sid='*';
    Alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set undo_retention=10800 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set session_cached_cursors=200 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set db_files=2000 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set max_shared_servers=0 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set sec_max_failed_login_attempts=100 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set parallel_force_local=true scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set parallel_max_servers=32 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set sec_case_sensitive_logon=false scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set open_cursors=3000 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set open_links =40 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set open_links_per_instance =40 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set db_cache_advice=off scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_b_tree_bitmap_plans"=false scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_gc_policy_time"=0 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_gc_defer_time"=3 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_lm_tickets"=5000 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_optimizer_use_feedback"=false sid='*';
    alter system set "_undo_autotune"=false scope=both sid='*';
    alter system set "_bloom_filter_enabled"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_cleanup_rollback_entries"=2000 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_px_use_large_pool"=true scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel"=NONE scope=spfile
    sid='*';
    alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing"=NONE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing"=false scope=spfile
    sid='*';
    alter system set "_optimizer_mjc_enabled"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_sort_elimination_cost_ratio"=1 scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_index_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_clusterwide_global_transactions"=FALSE scope=spfile sid='*';
    alter system set "_part_access_version_by_number"=FALSE scope=spfile; 
    alter system set "_partition_large_extents"=FALSE scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_sort_elimination_cost_ratio"=1 scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_use_adaptive_log_file_sync"=FALSE scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_lm_sync_timeout"=1200 scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_ksmg_granule_size"=134217728 scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_optimizer_cartesian_enabled"=false scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds"=3600 scope=spfile;
    alter system set "_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance"=false scope=spfile;
    alter system set event='28401 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1:60025 trace name
    context forever:10949 trace name context forever,level 1' sid='*' scope=spfile;

ITPub博客

Rhel7_Oracle11g_rac安装记录