原理：

和冷备一致性关闭数据库后拷贝数据库文件备份相反，是在数据库处于开启状态下做的备份。
备份方式：在sqlplus中手工发起备份；利用rman工具备份

手工备份：alter tablespace XXX begin backup;
               操作系统层面拷贝数据文件到某个路径；
               alter tablespace XXX end backup;
rman工具备份： backup tablespace XXX;

1. 开启归档
   
   
   

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   1. SQL> archive log list;
      
   2. Database log mode No Archive Mode
      
   3. Automatic archival Disabled
      
   4. Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
      
   5. Oldest online log sequence 4
      
   6. Current log sequence 6
      
   7. SQL> shutdown immediate;
      
   8. Database closed.
      
   9. Database dismounted.
      
   10. ORACLE instance shut down.
       
   11. SQL> startup mount;
       
   12. ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
       
   13. ORACLE instance started.
       
   14. 
       
   15. Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
       
   16. Fixed Size 2251816 bytes
       
   17. Variable Size 159384536 bytes
       
   18. Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
       
   19. Redo Buffers 5189632 bytes
       
   20. Database mounted.
       
   21. SQL> alter database archivelog;
       
   22. 
       
   23. Database altered.
       
   24. 
       
   25. SQL> alter database open;
       
   26. 
       
   27. Database altered.
2. 
   创建表空间
   

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   1. SQL> create tablespace test01 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf' size 10M autoextend on maxsize 2G;
      
   2. 
      
   3. Tablespace created.
   
   
3. 
   模拟业务
   

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   1. SQL> create table test tablespace test01 as select * from dba_objects;
      
   2. 
      
   3. Table created.
4. 
   热备表空间
   

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   1. alter tablespace test01 begin backup;
      
   2. 
      
   3. Tablespace altered.
      
   4. 
      
   5. SQL> !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf.bak
      
   6. 
      
   7. SQL> alter tablespace test01 end backup;
      
   8. 
      
   9. Tablespace altered.
   
   
5. 
   模拟故障
   

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   1. !rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf
      
   2. 
      
   3. SQL> shutdown immediate;
      
   4. ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
      
   5. Process ID: 19295
      
   6. Session ID: 16 Serial number: 3
      
   7. 
      
   8. 
      
   9. SQL> conn / as sysdba
      
   10. Connected to an idle instance.
       
   11. SQL> startup
       
   12. ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
       
   13. ORACLE instance started.
       
   14. 
       
   15. Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
       
   16. Fixed Size 2251816 bytes
       
   17. Variable Size 159384536 bytes
       
   18. Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
       
   19. Redo Buffers 5189632 bytes
       
   20. Database mounted.
       
   21. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
       
   22. ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf'
   
   
6. 
   恢复（mount状态下）
   

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   1. SQL> !cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/test01.dbf
      
   2. 
      
   3. SQL> recover datafile 6;
      
   4. Media recovery complete.
      
   5. SQL> alter database open;
   
   
7. 验证
   

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   1. SQL> select count(*) from test;
      
   2. 
      
   3.   COUNT(*)
      
   4. ----------
      
   5.      86954