1.检查是否存在密码文件
[oracle@host01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls orapwPROD1
orapwPROD1
2.可以通过连接字符串（即远程方式）以sysdba身份登录数据库
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:53:15 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
3.删除密码文件，则无法用以上方式连接数据库
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ mv orapwPROD1 orapwPROD1.bak
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls orapwPROD1
ls: orapwPROD1: No such file or directory
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:55:27 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
当然，以系统方式验证，还是可以登录数据库的
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:55:52 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
4.创建密码文件
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD1 password=oracle entries=30
5.再次远程通过密码验证，以sysdba身份登录数据库
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:58:43 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
总结
- 密码文件可有可无，一般情况下都应该存在
- 密码文件的格式orapw+实例名（此处是orapw非orapwd）
- 注意，创建密码文件时，等号两段不能有空格
[oracle@host01 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls orapwPROD1
orapwPROD1
2.可以通过连接字符串（即远程方式）以sysdba身份登录数据库
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:53:15 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
3.删除密码文件，则无法用以上方式连接数据库
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ mv orapwPROD1 orapwPROD1.bak
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls orapwPROD1
ls: orapwPROD1: No such file or directory
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:55:27 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
当然，以系统方式验证，还是可以登录数据库的
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:55:52 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
4.创建密码文件
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD1 password=oracle entries=30
5.再次远程通过密码验证，以sysdba身份登录数据库
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 20 09:58:43 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
总结
- 密码文件可有可无，一般情况下都应该存在
- 密码文件的格式orapw+实例名（此处是orapw非orapwd）
- 注意，创建密码文件时，等号两段不能有空格
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/31400681/viewspace-2130998/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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