系统表空间的热备及模拟故障恢复
恢复系统表空间只能关闭数据库进行，系统表空间不能offline

1.检查是否开启归档模式
SYS@PROD1>archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 3
Current log sequence 3

2.查看表空间及对应的数据文件
SYS@PROD1>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;

FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
2 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
3 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
4 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
5 EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
6 TS_TEST /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/ts_01.dbf

6 rows selected.

3.备份系统表空间
SYS@PROD1>alter tablespace system begin backup;

Tablespace altered.

4.拷贝数据文件到备份位置
SYS@PROD1>! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf /home/oracle/files/hot_backup

查看备份状态
SYS@PROD1>select * from v$backup;

FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 ACTIVE 1115764 15-DEC-16
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 1110120 15-DEC-16
5 NOT ACTIVE 1107830 15-DEC-16
6 NOT ACTIVE 0

6 rows selected.

5.结束备份
SYS@PROD1>alter tablespace system end backup;

Tablespace altered.

查看状态，已完成
SYS@PROD1>select * from v$backup;

FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1115764 15-DEC-16
2 NOT ACTIVE 0
3 NOT ACTIVE 0
4 NOT ACTIVE 1110120 15-DEC-16
5 NOT ACTIVE 1107830 15-DEC-16
6 NOT ACTIVE 0

6 rows selected.

删除系统表空间数据文件
SYS@PROD1>! rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf

系统表空间不能offline
SYS@PROD1>alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf' offline;
alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf' offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01541: system tablespace cannot be brought offline; shut down if necessary

关闭数据库，模拟故障
SYS@PROD1>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@PROD1>

启动数据库，提示找不到数据文件
SYS@PROD1>startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 520096848 bytes
Database Buffers 310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf'

SYS@PROD1>! cp /home/oracle/files/hot_backup/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf

恢复system表空间
SYS@PROD1>recover datafile 1;
Media recovery complete.

打开数据库
SYS@PROD1>alter database open;

Database altered.

YS@PROD1>select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
-------------------- ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
EXAMPLE ONLINE
TS_TEST ONLINE

7 rows selected.

SYS@PROD1>select FILE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf USERS AVAILABLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 AVAILABLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX AVAILABLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf SYSTEM AVAILABLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf EXAMPLE AVAILABLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/ts_01.dbf TS_TEST AVAILABLE

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【物理热备】（下）备份恢复系统表空间手工备份恢复

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ITPub博客

【物理热备】（下）备份恢复系统表空间 手工备份恢复

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【物理热备】（下）备份恢复系统表空间手工备份恢复