----从控制文件自动备份还原服务器参数文件：

---前提：查看快速恢复区的参数：

sys@PROD>show parameter recovery

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest                string      /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_

                                                 area

db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 4182M

recovery_parallelism                 integer     0

sys@PROD>

---修改快速恢复区的路径：

sys@PROD>alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/FRA';

System altered.

sys@PROD>show parameter recovery

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest                string      /u01/app/FRA

db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 4182M

recovery_parallelism                 integer     0

sys@PROD>

---备份系统表空间：#因为上面是刚刚修改了快速恢复区，这里需要为了生成一个控制文件与参数文件的自动备份文件#

RMAN>  backup tablespace system;

Starting backup at 07-NOV-16

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-NOV-16

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-NOV-16

piece handle=/u01/app/backup/db_0frkarjn_1_1.rmn tag=TAG20161107T143223 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:50

Finished backup at 07-NOV-16

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-NOV-16

piece handle=/u01/app/FRA/PROD/autobackup/2016_11_07/o1_mf_s_927297253_d20836cs_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-NOV-16

#完成备份。

---删除spfile参数文件：

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

hc_PROD.dat  init.ora  lkPROD  orapwPROD  snapcf_PROD.f  spfilePROD.ora

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ rm spfilePROD.ora

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

hc_PROD.dat  init.ora  lkPROD  orapwPROD  PROD.ora.bck  snapcf_PROD.f

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls spfile*

ls: spfile*: No such file or directory

---强行关库：

sys@PROD>shutdown abort;

ORACLE instance shut down.

sys@PROD>

---恢复参数文件：

[oracle@enmo ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 7 14:40:42 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN>

RMAN> startup force nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initPROD.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size                     2260088 bytes

Variable Size                281019272 bytes

Database Buffers             780140544 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5517312 bytes

RMAN> 

RMAN> run {

2> restore spfile from autobackup

3> recovery area ='/u01/app/FRA'   #指定快速恢复区的路径#

4> DB_NAME='PROD';  #指定库名#

5> }

Starting restore at 07-NOV-16

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

recovery area destination: /u01/app/FRA

database name (or database unique name) used for search: PROD

channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/FRA/PROD/autobackup/2016_11_07/o1_mf_s_927297253_d20836cs_.bkp found in the recovery area

AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/FRA/PROD/autobackup/2016_11_07/o1_mf_s_927297253_d20836cs_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 07-NOV-16

RMAN>

#恢复完成。

--系统查看生成的参数文件：

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ll

total 9560

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 Nov  7 14:42 hc_PROD.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    2851 May 15  2009 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall      24 Oct 30 21:30 lkPROD

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1536 Oct 30 21:36 orapwPROD

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 Nov  7 14:38 PROD.ora.bck

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Nov  7 14:34 snapcf_PROD.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 Nov  7 14:44 spfilePROD.ora

[oracle@enmo dbs]$

#已经生产新的spfile参数文件。

--校验：
sys@PROD>select status from v$instance;

select status from v$instance

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

Process ID: 14307

Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

sys@PROD>shutdown abort;

ORACLE instance shut down.

sys@PROD>

---重新启动数据库：

sys@PROD>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes

Variable Size             507513936 bytes

Database Buffers          322961408 bytes

Redo Buffers                2371584 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

sys@PROD>

sys@PROD>select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

#参数文件恢复成功。