1、设置环境变量：

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=PROD

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

编辑后，使其生效：

. .bash_profile

2、创建密码文件（作用：允许远程用密码方式以sysdba身份登陆数据库，可有可无）：

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

init.ora  init.ora.bck

3、生成密码文件：

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

init.ora  init.ora.bck  orapwPROD

[oracle@enmo dbs]$

4、生成pfile文件：

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$ > initPROD.ora

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

init.ora  init.ora.bck  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD

5、修改pfile文件：

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora

db_name='PROD'

memory_target=800M

processes = 150

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'

#audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain='oracle.com'

#db_recovery_file_dest='/flash_recovery_area'

#db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

#diagnostic_dest=''

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control1.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control2.ctl)

compatible ='11.2.0'

6、根据pfile创建目录adump目录和控制文件目录：

[oracle@enmo ~]$  mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/prod/adump

[oracle@enmo ~]$  mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/PROD/

7、通过pfile创建spfile：

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls

init.ora  init.ora.bck  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

PROD

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Oct 5 23:29:53 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> !ls

init.ora  init.ora.bck  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD  spfilePROD.ora

8、数据库启动到nomount（默认情况下，oracle会使用spfile启动数据库）：

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes

Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes

Variable Size             541068368 bytes

Database Buffers          289406976 bytes

Redo Buffers                2371584 bytes

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

STARTED