1. 前期准备
1.1 规划
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RAC |
DG |
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oracle版本 |
11.2.0.4.8 |
11.2.0.4.0 |
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主机名 |
rac1 |
rac2 |
dg |
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db_name |
orcl |
orcl |
orcl |
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db_unique_name |
orcl |
orcl |
dg |
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instance_name |
orcl1 |
orcl1 |
dg |
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ip |
192.168.1.201 |
192.168.1.202 |
192.168.1.203 |
RAC和DG两端的/etc/hosts一样，如下：
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#public IP 192.168.1.201 rac1.oracle.com rac1. rac1 192.168.1.202 rac2.oracle.com rac2. rac2 #private IP 10.10.10.1 rac1-priv.oracle.com rac1-priv 10.10.10.2 rac2-priv.oracle.com rac2-priv #virtual IP 192.168.1.101 rac1-vip.oracle.com rac1-vip 192.168.1.102 rac2-vip.oracle.com rac2-vip #scan IP 192.168.1.10 rac-scan.oracle.com rac-scan
192.168.1.203 dg |
1.2 确认集群状态
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[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.DATA01.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.FRA.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac1 。。。。。。。 |
1.3 确认RAC是归档模式
1.3.1 当前归档模式
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SQL> archive log list; Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 10 Current log sequence 11 |
1.3.2 修改归档路径
归档日志改成在本地，两个节点都修改一下
节点1：mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/orcl1_arch
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alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/orcl1_arch' scope=both sid='orcl1'; |
节点2：mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/orcl2_arch
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alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/orcl2_arch' scope=both sid='orcl2'; |
1.3.3 切换归档模式：
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alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile sid='orcl1'; alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile sid='orcl2'; 关闭两个节点 启动一个节点实例到mount状态 alter database archivelog; alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='orcl1'; alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='orcl2'; shutdown ammediate; 重新打开两个节点的实例 |
1.3.4 验证归档模式：
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SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/orcl1_arch Oldest online log sequence 13 Next log sequence to archive 14 Current log sequence 14 |
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SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/orcl2_arch Oldest online log sequence 8 Next log sequence to archive 9 Current log sequence 9 |
1.4 RAC端添加网络配置
1.4.1 listener.ora
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[grid@rac2 admin]$ cat /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora 添加下面这些内容： SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl_dgmgrl) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (sid_name=orcl2) ) ) |
节点1也要添加相同内容，最后面改成sid_name=orcl1即可
1.4.2 tnsnames.ora
RAC的两个节点和DG，总共三个节点都一样即可
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[oracle@rac1 admin]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 内容： ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) ORCL2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl2) ) ) ORCL1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) (INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1) ) ) DG = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = dg) ) ) |
1.5 DG端准备
1.5.1 安装软件
安装好软件，不需要建库
1.5.2 基础配置
根据/etc/hosts里的配置，修改主机名和IP
tnsnames.ora内容和上面一样即可
listener.ora（可以用netmgr配置）内容如下：
[oracle@dg admin]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
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SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = dg) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg)(PORT = 1521)) )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle |
2. 修改RAC的参数
2.1 修改一些参数
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alter system set standby_file_management=auto; alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dg)'; alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg async VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg'; alter system set fal_server=dg; alter system set fal_client=orcl; alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/datafile/','+DATA01/orcl/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/tempfile/','+DATA01/orcl/tempfile/' scope=spfile; alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/log1/','+DATA01/orcl/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/log2/','+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/' scope=spfile; |
2.2 创建pfile文件
主要指定一些pfile的路径，不要直接create pfile from spfile
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create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/tmp.ora' from spfile; |
2.3添加standby redo log file
添加的standby 日志要比online日志多一组
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SQL> select thread#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log; THREAD# GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024 ---------- ---------- --------------- 1 1 50 1 2 50 2 3 50 2 4 50 SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 size 50m; SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 size 50m; SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 size 50m; SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 size 50m; SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 9 size 50m; SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 size 50m; |
2.4 开启FORCE LOGGING;
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ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING; |
2.5 传输文件到DG端
密码文件和初始化参数文件：
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scp orapworcl1 oracle@dg:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg scp tmp.ora oracle@dg:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initdg.ora |
3. 用RMAN备份数据库
3.1 修改参数文件
相应路径要记得创建
修改完的内容如下：
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[oracle@dg dbs]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initdg.ora *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dg/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0' *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/control01.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/' *.db_domain='' *.db_file_name_convert='+DATA01/orcl/datafile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/datafile/','+DATA01/orcl/tempfile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/tempfile/' *.db_name='orcl' *.db_unique_name='dg' *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flsh_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4589617152 *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.fal_client='ORCL' *.fal_server='DG' *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dg)' *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archdg' *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl1 async VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' *.log_file_name_convert='+DATA01/orcl/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/log1/','+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/log2/' *.memory_target=1053818880 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_listener='rac-scan:1521' *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive' *.standby_file_management='AUTO' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' |
3.2 dg端启动到nomount下
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sqlplus / as sysdba; create spfile from pfile; startup nomount; |
3.3 用duplicate复制数据库
RAC端开始拷贝数据库到DG端：
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rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@dg duplicate target database for standby from active database |
3.4打开备库并启动redo应用
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alter database open; ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION; alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;(启动实时应用) 如果要取消应用可以用： alter database recover managed standby database cancel; SQL> select protection_mode,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
PROTECTION_MODE DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY |
4. 配置broker
4.1 启动DMON进程
RAC和DG两边都要启动
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alter system set dg_broker_start=true; |
4.2 设置RAC端的broker配置文件位置
备库用默认的位置
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ASMCMD> mkdir +DATA01/orcl/brokerconfig/ ASMCMD> mkdir +FRA/orcl/brokerconfig/ |
RAC的两个节点分别执行：
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SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file1='+DATA01/orcl/brokerconfig/dr1orcl.dat' scope=both sid='orcl1'; SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file2='+FRA/orcl/brokerconfig/dr2orcl.dat' scope=both sid='orcl1'; |
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SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file1='+DATA01/orcl/brokerconfig/dr1orcl.dat' scope=both sid='orcl2'; SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file2='+FRA/orcl/brokerconfig/dr2orcl.dat' scope=both sid='orcl2'; |
4.3 开始配置
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[oracle@dg dbs]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@orcl DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION qqq as PRIMARY DATABASE IS orcl CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS orcl; DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE dg AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS dg MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL; DGMGRL> enable configuration; |
4.4 验证
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DGMGRL> show configuration; Configuration - qqq Protection Mode: MaxPerformance Databases: orcl - Primary database dg - Physical standby database Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED Configuration Status: SUCCESS |
分别看下两个库的状态
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DGMGRL> show database orcl; Database - orcl Role: PRIMARY Intended State: TRANSPORT-ON Instance(s): orcl1 orcl2 Database Status: SUCCESS |
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DGMGRL> show database dg; Database - dg Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY Intended State: APPLY-ON Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago) Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago) Apply Rate: 0 Byte/s Real Time Query: ON Instance(s): dg Database Status: SUCCESS |
配置过程中遇到这样的错误：
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Database Status: DGM-17016: failed to retrieve status for database "dg" ORA-16603: Data Guard broker detected a mismatch in configuration ID ORA-16625: cannot reach database "dg" |
就删掉broker配置文件，重新搭建broker
5. switchover
进行切换
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DGMGRL> SWITCHOVER TO dg; Performing switchover NOW, please wait... Operation requires a connection to instance "dg" on database "dg" Connecting to instance "dg"... Connected. New primary database "dg" is opening... Operation requires startup of instance "orcl2" on database "orcl" Starting instance "orcl2"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Database opened. Switchover succeeded, new primary is "dg" |
再看下现在的状态：
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DGMGRL> show configuration; Configuration - qqq Protection Mode: MaxPerformance Databases: dg - Primary database orcl - Physical standby database Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED Configuration Status: SUCCESS |
看一下orcl库的状态：
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DGMGRL> show database orcl; Database - orcl Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY Intended State: APPLY-ON Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 1 second ago) Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago) Apply Rate: 9.00 KByte/s Real Time Query: ON Instance(s): orcl1 orcl2 (apply instance) Database Status: SUCCESS |
最后去看下集群的状态，能看到一个库是mount的,另一个是read only的
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ora.orcl.db 1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac1 Mounted (Closed) 2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open,Readonly |
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