1.设置环境变量

[oracle@TEST ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=TEST
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

[oracle@TEST ~]$ source .bash_profile

2.创建数据库需要的相关目录

[oracle@TEST ~]$ cd $ORACL_BASE
[oracle@TEST oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/TEST/audmp
[oracle@TEST oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/TEST

3.准备密码文件及初始化参数文件

[oracle@TEST oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@TEST dbs]$ ls
init.ora
[oracle@TEST dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwTEST password=oracle entries=30
[oracle@TEST dbs]$ cat init.ora|grep -v ^$|grep -v ^# >initTEST.ora
[oracle@TEST dbs]$ vi initTEST.ora 

db_name='TEST'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(protocal=tcp) (service=TESTXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/control02.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0'

4.开始创建数据库

[oracle@TEST TEST]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
file created.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1071333376 bytes
Fixed Size                  1349732 bytes
Variable Size             620758940 bytes
Database Buffers          444596224 bytes
Redo Buffers                4628480 bytes
SQL> exit      

[oracle@TEST ~]$ vi 1.sql
CREATE DATABASE TEST
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 
('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M 
BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 
('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M 
BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 
('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M 
BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/TEST/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

[oracle@TEST ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @/home/oracle/1.sql
Database created.
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

注意： 
1.11g中，db_recovery_file_dest设置为’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area’，有别于10g的flash_recovery_area. 
2.参数文件里的undo_tablespace名undotbs1需要和创建数据库脚本里的undo tablespace 名一致，否则报表空间不存在错误。
3.如果参数文件initTEST.ora中MEMORY_TARGET设置过大，则会报: “memory not support on this system” 的错误，解决方法可将该参数值调小。