DBMS_JOB和DBMS_SCHEDULER都是Oracle提供的程序包,都可以用来创建、管理job,其中
DBMS_SCHEDULER的功能更为强大。先解释
scheduler的基础概念,scheduler 包含了以下几个实体对象:
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Program -- 提供了scheduler 将要运行什么,包含program name,program type(PL/SQ块、存储过程、外部程序),program action(具体的程序实体,比如说一个PL/SQL块、或者是存储过程的名称、或者是外部程序的路径加名称) 。
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Schedules -- 指定何时何种频率来运行job,可以被不同的job重复的利用。比如说我有两个job都要求在每天的凌晨4点运行,那么两个job可以同时指定相同的schedule。
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Jobs -- 具体的作业的名称,依赖于那个program、schedule。也可以不指定program、schedule,而直接写入program、schedule的相应参数。
另外,需要注意的是,通过
DBMS_JOB和DBMS_SCHEDULER创建的job信息存储在不同的数据字典中,其中,通过DBMS_JOB创建的job信息存储在user_jobs,而通过DBMS_SCHEDULER创建的job信息存储在user_scheduler_jobs中。
下面,分别使用DBMS_JOB和DBMS_SCHEDULER来创建job。
使用DBMS_JOB
1.创建测试表
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SQL> create table hoegh(h1 date);
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Table created
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SQL>
2.创建存储过程,向hoegh表中插入一条数据
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SQL>
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SQL> create or replace procedure pro_hoegh is
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2 begin
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3 insert into hoegh values(sysdate);
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4 COMMIT;
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5 end pro_hoegh;
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6 /
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Procedure created
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SQL>
3.创建job
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SQL>
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SQL> variable job1 number
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_job.submit(:job1,\'pro_hoegh;\',sysdate,\'sysdate+1/1440\');--每天1440分钟,即一分钟运行test过程一次
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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job1
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---------
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1
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SQL>
4.执行job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_job.run(:job1);
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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job1
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---------
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1
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SQL>
两分钟后,查询测试表,确认job是否正常执行
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SQL> select to_char(h1,\'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:mi:ss\') H1 from hoegh;
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H1
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-------------------
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2015-04-28 16:08:23
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2015-04-28 16:07:21
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SQL>
5.停止job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_job.broken(1,true);
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
其中,1是创建job是定义的变量值,可以唯一标识一个job
6.启用job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_job.broken(1,false);
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
7.删除job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_job.remove(1);
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
使用DBMS_SCHEDULER
1.创建测试表
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SQL> create table hoegh(h1 date);
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Table created
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SQL>
2.创建存储过程,向hoegh表中插入一条数据
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SQL>
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SQL> create or replace procedure pro_hoegh is
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2 begin
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3 insert into hoegh values(sysdate);
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4 COMMIT;
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5 end pro_hoegh;
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6 /
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Procedure created
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SQL>
3.创建schedule
在schedule中定义了schedule名称、起止时间、调用间隔等参数。
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 -- create_schedule
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3 dbms_scheduler.create_schedule(schedule_name => \'schedule_hoegh\',
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4 start_date => \'28-4月 -15 4.30.00.000 下午\',
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5 repeat_interval => \'FREQ=MINUTELY; INTERVAL=1\',
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6 end_date => \'29-4月 -15 4.30.00.000 下午\',
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7 comments => \'TEST schedule\');
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8 end;
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9 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
4.创建program
在program中定义了程序的类型、具体操作、参数个数等参数
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 -- create_program
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3 dbms_scheduler.create_program(program_name => \'program_hoegh\',
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4 program_type => \'PLSQL_BLOCK\',
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5 program_action => \'BEGIN PRO_HOEGH; END;\',
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6 number_of_arguments => 0,
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7 enabled => TRUE,
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8 comments => \'TEST program\');
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9 end;
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10 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
5.创建job
在job中指定了job_name,以及相关联的program_name、schedule_name等参数。
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 -- create_job
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3 dbms_scheduler.create_job(job_name => \'job_hoegh\',
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4 program_name => \'program_hoegh\',
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5 schedule_name => \'schedule_hoegh\',
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6 job_class => \'DEFAULT_JOB_CLASS\',
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7 enabled => true,
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8 auto_drop => true,
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9 comments => \'TEST procedure\');
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10 end;
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11 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
6.执行job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 -- Call the procedure
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3 dbms_scheduler.run_job(job_name => \'job_hoegh\',
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4 use_current_session => false);
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5 end;
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6 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
几分钟后,查询测试表,确认job是否正常执行
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SQL> select to_char(h1,\'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:mi:ss\') H1 from hoegh;
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H1
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-------------------
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2015-04-28 16:30:00
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2015-04-28 16:31:00
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2015-04-28 16:32:00
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2015-04-28 16:24:25
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SQL>
7.禁用job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_scheduler.disable(\'job_hoegh\');
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
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SQL> select job_name,enabled,state from user_scheduler_jobs;
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JOB_NAME ENABLED STATE
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------------------------------ ------- ---------------
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JOB_HOEGH FALSE DISABLED
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SQL>
8.启用job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_scheduler.enable(\'job_hoegh\');
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
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SQL> select job_name,enabled,state from user_scheduler_jobs;
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JOB_NAME ENABLED STATE
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------------------------------ ------- ---------------
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JOB_HOEGH TRUE SCHEDULED
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SQL>
9.删除job
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SQL>
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SQL> begin
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2 dbms_scheduler.drop_job(\'job_hoegh\');
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3 end;
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4 /
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
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SQL>
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SQL> select job_name,enabled,state from user_scheduler_jobs;
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JOB_NAME ENABLED STATE
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------------------------------ ------- ---------------
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SQL>
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