首页 > 数据库 > Oracle > 12c R1 RAC安装
详细安装规范请官方文档:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/chklist.htm#LADBI8050
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########################################### # oracle官方安装要求 # ########################################### 验证系统要求 To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter one of the following commands: # cat /etc/oracle-release # cat /etc/redhat-release # cat /etc/SuSE-release # lsb_release -id 查看内存大小 free -m # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo 查看交换空间 # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo 确认内核 # uname -r Supported distributions: Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise kernel: 2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.x86_64 or later Oracle Linux 6 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel: 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later 查看磁盘空间,Oracle 12c R1 x64企业版的磁盘空间要求6.4 GB以上。 # df -h |
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1. 最低硬件要求 a.) Random Access Memory (RAM):: At least 1 GB RAM for Oracle Database installations At least 4 GB of RAM for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server including installations where you plan to install Oracle Database
Ensure that your system meets the following memory requirements: Minimum: 1 GB of RAM Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more
b.) 交换磁盘空间与系统物理内存的比例如下: RAM 交换空间 1 GB 到 2 GB 之间 RAM 大小的 1.5 倍 2 GB 到 16 GB 之间 等于 RAM 的大小 超过 16 GB 16 GB 注:以上推荐值(摘自《Oracle Database Installation Guide 12c Release 1 (12.1) for Linux》)是安装的最低要求。优化/改进 RDBMS 性能可能需要更多 RAM 和交换空间。
c.) At least 1 GB allocated to /tmp. d.) 约 6.5 GB 的本地磁盘空间用于数据库软件文件。 e.) 如果要在安装期间创建预配置数据库,则所选文件系统必须至少具有 2 GB 空闲磁盘空间。 对于生产数据库,必须根据数据库的使用来估算磁盘空间要求。
2. 支持在 ext2、ext3 和 ext4 文件系统上运行 Oracle 数据库(有关详细信息,请参阅 Note:236826.1)。 |
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1. 经过认证的 Linux 操作系统 Oracle Linux 6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 2. Oracle 推荐使用默认软件程序包 (RPM) 安装 Linux 操作系统,并且在安装期间不要定制 RPM。有关“default-RPMs”的详细信息,请参阅 Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" 或 Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS"。
3. Linux 内核要求 Supported distributions: Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise kernel: 2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.x86_64 or later Oracle Linux 6 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel: 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later |
安装RAC的时候两台服务器的用户和组需要完全一样
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/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,oper oracle /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
passwd oracle passwd grid
注: /usr/sbin/userdel oracle --删除用户 /usr/sbin/groupdel dba --删除组 /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba[,oper] oracle |
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mkdir -p /u01/app/12.1.0/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle chmod -R 775 /u01/ |
添加下面的内容
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 8362831872 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 kernel.shmall = 2097152 fs.file-max = 6815744 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 --这个参数是12R1的bug,需要配置 |
执行以下命令使参数生效:
# /sbin/sysctl –p
添加以下内容:
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oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 10240 grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 10240 grid hard stack 10240 |
修改后 ulimit -a 查看
注:limits.conf 文件发生更改时,这些更改立即生效。但是,如果 Oracle 用户已登录,
则这些更改将在注销这些用户并重新登录之后生效。必须先完成此操作,然后再使用这些帐户进行安装。
确保加载了最新版本的 PAM,添加以下行(如果还没有这些内容):
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session required pam_limits.so |
验证当前 ulimit,如果需要则增大。可以采用多种方式完成此操作,推荐方法是在 /etc/profile 中添加以下行
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if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -u 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi |
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#Public IP 192.168.67.150 node1 192.168.67.151 node2
#VIP 192.168.67.160 node1-vip 192.168.67.161 node2-vip
#Private IP 192.168.10.99 node1-prv 192.168.10.100 node2-prv
#Scan IP 192.168.67.164 scanip12c |
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
hostname
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chkconfig --list iptables chkconfig iptables off chkconfig --list iptables service iptables stop service network restart |
见官方文档:http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/pre_install.htm#LADBI7536
Packages for Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
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binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686) gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) ksh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libXext-1.1 (x86_64) libXext-1.1 (i686) libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64) libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686) libX11-1.3 (x86_64) libX11-1.3 (i686) libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64) libXau-1.0.5 (i686) libxcb-1.5 (x86_64) libxcb-1.5 (i686) libXi-1.3 (x86_64) libXi-1.3 (i686) make-3.81-19.el6 sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64) nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.0.1 |
使用yum批量安装,以下安装包中还有一些是进行系统操作时可能需要的安装包,如系统存在会自动过滤
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yum -y install binutils* compat-libstdc* glibc-2* ksh* libaio* make-3* compat-libcap1* gcc-4* gcc-c* libstdc++-devel* sysstat* glibc-devel* libgcc-4* libstdc++-4* unixODBC-2* unixODBC-devel-2* elfutils-libelf-devel* libXp* xorg-x11-apps libXext* libXtst* libX11* libXau* libxcb* libXi* nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.0.1 *ssh* zip unzip setuptool traceroute ntp parted |
检查是否安装成功
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rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc glibc libaio libgcc libstdc++ make sysstat unixodbc |
接下来11和12这两步以前在11g的时候没有配置过,但是看12c官方文档有建议配置
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To check if Transparent HugePages is enabled run one of the following commands as the root user: Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernels: # cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled Other kernels: # cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled The following is a sample output that shows Transparent HugePages is being used as the [always] flag is enabled. [always] never
To disable Transparent HugePages perform the following steps: Add the following entry to the kernel boot line in the /etc/grub.conf file: transparent_hugepage=never For example: title Oracle Linux Server (2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64 ro root=LABEL=/ transparent_hugepage=never initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-300.25.1.el6uek.x86_64.img
Restart the system to make the changes permanent. |
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echo deadline > /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler
echo deadline > /sys/block/sdc/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sde/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdd/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdf/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdk/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdi/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdg/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdh/queue/scheduler echo deadline > /sys/block/sdj/queue/scheduler |
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Ensure that the /dev/shm mount area is of type tmpfs and is mounted with the following options: ■ With rw and exec permissions set on it ■ |
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