一：没有listener.ora监听文件
二：监听静态注册
三：监听动态注册
四：监听静态+动态注册 

监听文件listener.ora文件丢失；
没有listener.ora文件情况时， 以默认方式运行监听器， 此时，监听器将在解析为计算机主机名(端口1521)的任何地址上进行监听；
建议始终配置listener.ora文件，使Oracle Net环境可以自我记录；

[oracle@chen admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin

[oracle@chen admin]$ ls
samples  shrept.lst  tnsnames.ora

没有配置listener.ora时，自动使用动态注册
[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-JUL-2017 15:05:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                20-JUL-2017 15:03:54
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 30 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/chen/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=chen)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

[oracle@chen admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin

[oracle@chen admin]$ cat listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

静态注册时：
可以远程启动数据库(需要有口令文件)；

C:\Users\Administrator> sqlplus sys/oracle@10.1.233.100:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 7月 20 13:33:09 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257880 bytes
Variable Size             545262632 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                2355200 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。  


[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl status
.....
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=chen)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

配置DG,EM等建议使用静态注册

[oracle@chen admin]$ cat listener.ora 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = chen)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
  
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.

[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl status
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

实例未启动时，注册不了服务
Services Summary...
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=chen)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

动态注册时无法远程启动数据库
C:\Users\Administrator> sqlplus sys/oracle@10.1.233.100:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 7月 20 14:26:57 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

请输入用户名:

[oracle@chen admin]$ cat listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = chen)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl status
......  
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

可以远程启动数据库
C:\Users\Administrator> sqlplus sys/oracle@10.1.233.100:1521/orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 7月 20 14:22:59 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257880 bytes
Variable Size             545262632 bytes
Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                2355200 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。


官方文档位置如下：
Oracle Database Net Services Reference
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e10835/listener.htm#NETRF008
Oracle Net Listener Parameters (listener.ora)
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e10835/listener.htm#NETRF008

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