DG_安装二
ORACLE DG 的搭建 ( 方法二 )
说明：
备库生成原理：
1 配置好主库后将数据库安装文件 /u01 ，备库控制文件，归档文件打包发送到备库
2 备库添加 oracle 用户，组，附加组，解压主库的压缩文件
3 修改 SID ，目录结构，参数文件，网络文件等相关配置
4 启动备库 mount(主 备库 sid 不同 )
主机
IP:192.168.1.181
主机名 :chen01
OS:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
oracle:11.2.0.1.0
SID:orcl
备机
IP ： 192.168.1.183
主机名 :chen03
OS:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
oracle:11.2.0.1.0
SID:db01
一：主机 , 备机分别配置 hosts 文件
192.168.1.181
[root@chen01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.181 chen01
192.168.1.183 chen03
[root@chen01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
192.168.1.183
[root@chen03 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.183 chen03
192.168.1.181 chen01
[root@chen01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
二：主机修改为归档模式，强制写日志
192.168.1.181
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
NO
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
三：主机创建密码文件
192.168.1.181
[oracle@chen01 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@chen01 admin]$ orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle
四：主机配置 standby redolog
最佳性能模式可以忽略，如果将来变成备库且要转为其它两种模式则要建立
192.168.1.181
standby redolog 的组数参考公式： (online redolog 组数 + 1) * 数据库线程数；单机线程数为 1 ， RAC 一般为 2 。
standby redolog 的组成员数和大小也尽量和 online redolog 一样。
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- ---------------------------------------- ---
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log NO
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log NO
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log NO
SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024||'M' M from v$log;
GROUP# MEMBERS M
---------- ---------- -----------------------------------------
1 1 50M
2 1 50M
3 1 50M
SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo04.log') size 50M,
3 group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo05.log') size 50M,
4 group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo06.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$logfile order by group#;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ---
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log NO
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log NO
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log NO
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo04.log NO
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo05.log NO
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo06.log NO
6 rows selected.
SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024||'M' M from v$log;
GROUP# MEMBERS M
---------- ---------- -----------------------------------------
1 1 50M
2 1 50M
3 1 50M
SQL> select group#,bytes/1004/1024||'M' M from v$standby_log;
GROUP# M
---------- -----------------------------------------
4 50.9960159362549800796812749003984063745M
5 50.9960159362549800796812749003984063745M
6 50.9960159362549800796812749003984063745M
五：设置主库初始化参数
192.168.1.181
备份参数文件
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
File created.
1
SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string orcl
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,db01)' scope=spfile;
System altered.
( 启动 db 接受或发送 redo data ，包括所有库的 db_unique_name)
2
[oracle@chen01 ~]$ mkdir arch_orcl
[oracle@chen01 ~]$ mkdir arch_db01
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/arch_orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
（主库归档目的地）
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db_db01 LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=db01' scope=spfile;
System altered.
( 当该库充当主库角色时，设置物理备库 redo data 的传输目的地 )
3
SQL> alter system set log_archive_max_processes=5 scope=spfile;
System altered.
( 最大 ARCn 进程数 )
4
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
5
SQL> show parameter remote_login_passwordfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
SQL> alter system set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;
（ exclusive or shared ，所有库 sys 密码要一致，默认是 exclusive ）
-- 以下是主库切换为备库，充当备库角色时的一些参数设置，如果不打算做数据库切换就不用设置了
6
SQL> alter system set fal_server=db_db01 scope=spfile;
System altered.
（配置网络服务名，假如转换为备库角色时，从这里获取丢失的归档文件）
SQL> alter system set fal_client=db_orcl scope=spfile;
System altered.
（配置网络服务名， fal_server 拷贝丢失的归档文件到这里）
7
SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' scope=spfile;
System altered.
（前为切换后的主库路径，后为切换后的备库路径，如果主备库目录结构完全一样，则无需设定）
SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' scope=spfile;
System altered.
（同上，这两个名字转换参数是主备库的路径映射关系，可能会是路径全名，看情况而定）
8
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
System altered.
（ auto 后当主库的 datafiles 增删时备库也同样自动操作，且会把日志传送到备库 standby_archive_dest 参数指定的目录下，
确保该目录存在，如果你的存储采用文件系统没有问题，但是如果采用了裸设备，你就必须将该参数设置为 manual ）
9
SQL> alter system set standby_archive_dest='location=/home/oracle/arch_orcl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
（一般和 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 的位置一样，如果备库采用 ARCH 传输方式，那么主库会把归档日志传到该目录下）
有了以上参数设置，则无论该库充当主库角色还是备库角色都无需再修改了。
六 备份主库数据文件
192.168.1.181
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/stdby_control01.ctl';
SQL> shutdown immediate
[root@chen01 ~]# tar -zcvf arch.tar arch_orcl/
[root@chen01 ~]# tar -zcvf uu.tar /u01
[root@chen01 ~]# scp arch.tar 192.168.1.183:/root
[root@chen01 ~]# scp uu.tar 192.168.1.183:/root
[root@chen01 ~]# scp stdby_control01.ctl 192.168.1.183:/root
七 配置备库 - 将 orcl 数据库改成 db01 数据库
[root@chen03 ~]# tar -zxvf arch.tar
[root@chen03 ~]# tar -zxvf uu.tar
[root@chen03 ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@chen03 ~]# mkdir arch_db01
[root@chen03 ~]# mkdir arch_cc
[root@chen03 ~]# mv u01/* /u01
[root@chen03 ~]# mv arch_orcl/* arch_db01/
[oracle@chen03 dbs]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/
[oracle@chen03 dbs]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/db01/
[oracle@chen03 rdbms]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/ /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db01/
[oracle@chen03 rdbms]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db01/orcl /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db01/db01
[root@chen03 ~]# cp stdby_control01.ctl stdby_control02.ctl
[root@chen03 ~]# cp stdby_control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01
[oracle@chen03 dbs]$ cp stdby_control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/db01/
[root@chen03 ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01
[root@chen03 ~]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 elfutils-libelf gcc gcc-c++* glibc glibc-common glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++-* libstdc++-devel make sysstat
创建一个用户 oracle 要求主租 oinstall 附加组 dba
[root@chen03 ~]# groupdel oinstall
[root@chen03 ~]# groupdel dba
[root@chen03 ~]# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
[root@chen03 ~]# groupadd -g 1001 dba
[root@chen03 ~]# useradd -u 1000 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[oracle@chen03 ~]$ vim .bash_profile
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=db01
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[oracle@chen03 ~]$ source .bash_profile
安全设置
[root@chen03 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
内核设置
[root@chen03 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
更新
[root@test1 orcl]# sysctl -p
配置备库参数
[oracle@chen03 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@chen03 ~]$ mv initorcl.ora initdb01.ora
[oracle@chen03 ~]$ mv orapworcl orapwdb01
[oracle@chen03 dbs]$ vim initdb01.ora
db01.__db_cache_size=176160768
db01.__java_pool_size=4194304
db01.__large_pool_size=4194304
db01.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
db01.__pga_aggregate_target=239075328
db01.__sga_target=352321536
db01.__shared_io_pool_size=0
db01.__shared_pool_size=155189248
db01.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/adump'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/stdby_control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/db01/stdby_control02.ctl'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/'
*.db_name='orcl'
*.fal_client='DB_DB01'
*.fal_server='DB_ORCL'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,db01)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/arch_db01 valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db01'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=db_orcl LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_max_processes=5
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/'
*.processes=150*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_archive_dest='location=/home/oracle/arch_cc'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_unique_name='db01'
八 配置网络
xhost +
netmgr
或者
192.168.1.183
192.168.1.181 （同 183 ）
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ ls
listener.ora orapworcl samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ vim listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db01)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)
(SID_NAME = DB01)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = chen03)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
DB_DB01 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.183)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = db01)
)
)
DB_ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.181)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ tnsping db_orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-NOV-2014 22:28:16
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.181)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@chen03 admin]$ tnsping db_db01
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-NOV-2014 22:28:19
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.183)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = db01)))
OK (0 msec)
九 启动 DG
1
启用备用数据库
SQL > STARTUP NOMOUNMT;
SQL >alter database mount standby database;
SQL >alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
2
启动主库
SQL> startup
192.168.1.183
SQL> col dest_name for a25
SQL> select dest_name,status from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME STATUS
------------------------- ---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST VALID
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
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