oracle11g, rman备份的路径应该是这样的优先级
备份语句中指定的format > rman 中显现的configure channel device type disk format '/oracle/orclarch/%U_%d'的路径 > 闪回恢复区>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
下面实验过程：
1，备份语句中如果指定了format，那么优先选择指定的路径，
2，备份语句中如果没有指定了format，那么选择rman 中配置的默认路径，
例如：
RMAN> configure channel device type disk format '/oracle/orclarch/%U_%d';
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/oracle/orclarch/%U_%d';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN> backup tablespace system ;
Starting backup at 08-APR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/orclarch/36r2hgkp_1_1_ORCL tag=TAG20160408T161521 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/orclarch/37r2hglj_1_1_ORCL tag=TAG20160408T161521 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-APR-16
3，如果rman没有显现的配置备份路径，也就是没有如下操作，
RMAN>configure channel device type disk format '/oracle/orclarch/%U_%d';
如果这种情况下，数据库开启了闪回恢复区，如下所示表示开启了闪回区。
SQL> show parameter recover
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /oracle/flsh_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 3G
recovery_parallelism integer 0
如下备份到了闪回恢复区目录下，并且又在后面自动生成了以实例名ORCL的子目录。
RMAN> backup tablespace system;
Starting backup at 08-APR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=83 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/flsh_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_04_08/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160408T163916_cjgvkock_.bkp tag=TAG20160408T163916 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/flsh_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_04_08/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20160408T163916_cjgvlskq_.bkp tag=TAG20160408T163916 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-APR-16
4，关闭闪回恢复区，将db_recovery_file_dest参数设置为空，可以停用闪回恢复区。并且没有在rman显现的配置备份路径，同时也没有在语句中指定路径，此时会选择 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
SQL> show parameter recover
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 3G
recovery_parallelism integer 0
RMAN>show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN> backup tablespace system ;
Starting backup at 08-APR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/34r2hfq8_1_1 tag=TAG20160408T160112 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-16
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/35r2hfsu_1_1 tag=TAG20160408T160112 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-APR-16
综上所述：oracle数据库rman的备份路径，遵循的原则是
备份语句中指定的format > rman 中显现的configure channel device type disk format '/oracle/orclarch/%U_%d'的路径 > 闪回恢复区>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/29654823/viewspace-2077547/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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