oracle11g中提供了一个查看日志文件的命令行工具：Automatic Diagnostic Repository Command-Interpreter,包含在oracle database 11g中引入的故障可诊断性基础结构中，主要用于管理trace文件，alert文件，dump文件，健康监视报告等。在oracle10g中这些文件时存放在ORACLE_BASE/admin/INSTANCE_NAME目录下的，到了oracle11g这些文件存放在ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/DBNAME/INSTANCE_NAME目录下，oracle之所以修改这个跨越多个版本都没有修改过的参数，是由于oracle11g退出了ADRCI工具，这个工具可以统一管理ASM实例和多个数据库实例的alert文件，用户trace文件，后台trace文件，dump文件等。使用ADRCI，可以：
(1)查看自动诊断资料档案库ADR中的诊断数据。
(2)将意外事件和问题信息打包成zip文件，以传输到oracle技术支持，此操作是使用称为意外事件打包服务Incident Packaging Service ,IPS的服务完成的。
在数据库中查询v$diag_info视图：
SYS@orcl 06-SEP-14>select name,value from v$diag_info;
NAME VALUE
------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Diag Enabled TRUE
ADR Base /u01/app/oracle
ADR Home /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl
Diag Trace /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/tra
   ce

Diag Alert /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/ale
  rt

Diag Incident /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/inc
   ident

NAME VALUE
------------------------- ----------------------------------------

Diag Cdump /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/cdu
mp

Health Monitor /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm
Default Trace File   /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/tra
   ce/orcl_ora_27646.trc

Active Problem Count 0
Active Incident Count 0

11 rows selected.

打开终端，执行adrci即可及进入ADRCI工具：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ adrci

ADRCI: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Sep 6 02:58:47 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

ADR base = "/u01/app/oracle"

adrci> help

HELP [topic]
Available Topics:
CREATE REPORT
ECHO
EXIT
HELP
HOST
IPS
PURGE
RUN
SET BASE
SET BROWSER
SET CONTROL
SET ECHO
SET EDITOR
SET HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
SET TERMOUT
SHOW ALERT
SHOW BASE
SHOW CONTROL
SHOW HM_RUN
SHOW HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
SHOW INCDIR
SHOW INCIDENT
SHOW PROBLEM
SHOW REPORT
SHOW TRACEFILE
SPOOL

There are other commands intended to be used directly by Oracle, type
"HELP EXTENDED" to see the list

可以通过show alert命令查看警报日志文件，默认使用vi编辑器模式：
2014-08-21 18:50:52.038000 -07:00
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Shared memory segment for instance monitoring created
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
2014-08-21 18:50:56.360000 -07:00
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in client-side pfile /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora on machine localhost.localdomain
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
memory_target = 812M
control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"

显示最近5条alert log(不是5行，默认是10条)：
使用这个命令首先要set home,否则会报错DIA-48449:
adrci> show alert -tail 5
DIA-48449: Tail alert can only apply to single ADR home

这是因为在多个实例存在的情况下易造成混乱。
adrci> set home diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl
adrci> show alert -tail 5
2014-09-06 05:09:26.725000 -07:00
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Starting background process CJQ0
CJQ0 started with pid=28, OS id=8235
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
2014-09-06 05:14:26.719000 -07:00
Starting background process SMCO
SMCO started with pid=36, OS id=8861

通过show tracefile可以查看ADR下的所有trace files:
adrci>show tracefile
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_14542.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_13410.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_26142.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_dbrm_12336.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_22490.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_arc0_19981.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_23694.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_9319.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m000_21885.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m000_29429.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mman_2679.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m001_19671.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3424.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_17550.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m002_27131.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m000_21350.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_13162.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ckpt_4808.trc

也可以对这些trace files文件进行过滤，只看你所关注的信息：
adrci> show tracefile %mmon%
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_27960.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_20946.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_15962.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_28628.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_11531.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_16814.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_10029.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_16492.trc
diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_30359.trc

通过show incident命令查看incident:
adrci> show incident

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dummy/orcl:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

通过show problem查看problem：
adrci> show problem

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/dummy/orcl:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl:
*************************************************************************
0 rows fetched

ADRCI的purge命令会清空alert log的内容，注意这里的内容仅仅是XML的alert log(XML类型的警报日志在diag/rdbms/orcl/alert
目录下，名称为log.xml)
对于trace目录下的text格式的alert log不会进行清空，我们在使用purge时，可以指定
alert log中的entries保留的时间。
如清除10分钟前的alert log，可用如下命令：
adrci> purge -age 10 -type alert
adrci> show alert
ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl:
*************************************************************************

但是diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace目录下，alert_orcl.log警报日志文件内容还是存在的。
可用如下命令查看ADR中日志的保留时间：
adrci> show control

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl:
*************************************************************************
ADRID SHORTP_POLICY LONGP_POLICY LAST_MOD_TIME LAST_AUTOPRG_TIME LAST_MANUPRG_TIME ADRDIR_VERSION ADRSCHM_VERSION ADRSCHMV_SUMMARY ADRALERT_VERSION CREATE_TIME
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------
1335663986 720 8760 2014-08-21 18:50:50.266259 -07:00 2014-09-06 05:56:58.068378 -07:00 1 2 76 1 2014-08-21 18:50:50.266259 -07:00
1 rows fetched

ADR中有两个策略，SHORTP_POLICY和LONGP_POLICY。
SHORT_POLICY:number of hours after which to purge ADR contents that have a short life.Default
is 720(30 days).A setting of 0 means that all contents that have a short lift can be purged.The
maxnimum setting is 35791394.If a value greater than 35791394 is specified , then this attribute is
set to 0.
The ADR contents that have a short life include the following:
trace files
core dump files
packaging information

LONG_POLICY:Number of hours after which to purge ADR contents that have a log life.Default
is 8760(365 days).A setting of 0 means that all contents that have a long life can be purged.The
maxnimum setting is 35791394.If a value greater than 35791394 is specified ,then this attribute
is set to 0.
The ADR contents that have a long life include the following:
incident information
incident dumps
alert logs
SHORTP_POLICY默认是720小时(30天)，其控制如下三种文件的保留时间：
trace file
core dump files
packaging information
LONGP_POLICY默认是8760小时(365天)，其控制如下三种文件的保留时间：
incident information
incident information
alert logs
可以用如下命令修改ADR的保留时间
adrci> set control (SHORTP_POLICY=360)
adrci> set control (LONGP_POLICY=2160)

adrci> show control

ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl:
*************************************************************************
ADRID SHORTP_POLICY LONGP_POLICY LAST_MOD_TIME LAST_AUTOPRG_TIME LAST_MANUPRG_TIME ADRDIR_VERSION ADRSCHM_VERSION ADRSCHMV_SUMMARY ADRALERT_VERSION CREATE_TIME
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------
1335663986 360 2160 2014-09-06 06:24:21.877124 -07:00 2014-09-06 05:56:58.068378 -07:00 1 2 76 1 2014-08-21 18:50:50.266259 -07:00
1 rows fetched

通过ADR生成诊断包：
adrci> ips create package
Created package 1 without any contents, correlation level typical
adrci> ips generate package 1 in /home/oracle
Generated package 1 in file /home/oracle/IPSPKG_20140906062831_COM_1.zip, mode complete

[oracle@localhost alert]$ cd /home/oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
Desktop help.sql IPSPKG_20140906062831_COM_1.zip oradiag_oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip -l IPSPKG_20140906062831_COM_1.zip
Archive: IPSPKG_20140906062831_COM_1.zip
Length Date Time Name
-------- ---- ---- ----
2818 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_CONFIGURATION.dmp
460 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE.dmp
151 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_INCIDENT.dmp
870 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_FILE.dmp
280 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_PACKAGE_HISTORY.dmp
2254 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_FILE_METADATA.dmp
214 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/IPS_FILE_COPY_LOG.dmp
908 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_DEF.dmp
708 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_PARAMETER_DEF.dmp
204 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION.dmp
198 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_ACTION_PARAMETER.dmp
353 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_INCIDENT_TYPE.dmp
166 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/DDE_USER_INCIDENT_ACTION_MAP.dmp
576 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCIDENT.dmp
148 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCCKEY.dmp
119 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/INCIDENT_FILE.dmp
292 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/PROBLEM.dmp
536 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/HM_RUN.dmp
207 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/export/EM_USER_ACTIVITY.dmp
3900 09-06-14 06:00 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/alert/log.xml
604428 09-06-14 06:00 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log
1453 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/HMREPORT_HM_RUN_3301.hm
184 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/crs/crsdiag.log
527 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/metadata.xml
8059 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.xml
9092 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.html
10506 09-06-14 06:29 diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incpkg/pkg_1/seq_1/manifest_1_1.txt
527 09-06-14 06:29 metadata.xml
-------- -------
650138 28 files

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用oracle的ADRCI功能查看日志

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