基于LINUX系统下Oracle-12C的安装

 

 

1.      预安装的要求

1)     硬件需求

	Evaluation or Simple Installation	Advanced Installation (SMALL)	Advanced Installation (MEDIUM)	Advanced Installation (LARGE)
Deployment Size	-	Small	Medium	Large
Configuration	1 OMS, <100 Targets, <10 Agents, <3 Concurrent User Sessions	1 OMS, <1000 Targets, <100 Agents, <10 Concurrent User Sessions	2 OMSes, >=1000 but <10,000 Targets, >=100 but <1000 Agents,>=10 but <25 Concurrent User Sessions	> 2 OMSes, >=10,000 Targets, >=1000 Agents, >=25 but <=50 Concurrent User Sessions
CPU Cores/Host (Can be shared with other processes)	2	2	4	8
RAM	4 GB	6 GB	8 GB	16 GB
RAM with ADP , JVMD	-	8 GB	12 GB	20 GB
Oracle WebLogic Server JVM Heap Size	800 MB	1.7 GB	4 GB	8 GB
Hard Disk Space	15 GB	15 GB	15 GB	15 GB
Hard Disk Space with ADP, JVMD	-	18 GB	20 GB	22 GB

2)     安装包

For example, if you run the command on a 32-bit system, you should see something similar to the following:

glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43(i386)

glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.43(i386)

glibc-2.3.4-2.43(i686)

compat-glibc-headers-2.3.2-95.30(i386)

glibc-profile-2.3.4-2.43(i386)

glibc-utils-2.3.4-2.43(i386)

glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.103.EL(i386)

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.43(i386)

compat-glibc-2.3.2-95.30(i386)

For example, if you run the command on a 64-bit system, you should see something similar to the following:

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

glibc-profile-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

glibc-utils-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

glibc-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)

3)     包装要求

Platform	32-Bit Packages for 32-Bit Platform	64-Bit Packages for 64-Bit Platform
Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x	make-3.81 binutils-2.17.50.0.6 gcc-4.1.1 libaio-0.3.106 glibc-common-2.3.4 compat-libstdc++296-2.96 libstdc++ 4.1.1 libstdc++devel-4.1.0 setarch-1.6 sysstat-5.0.5 compat-db 4.1.25 rng-utils-2.0 libXtst-1.0.1-3.1(i386) xorg-x11-utils (This package is required only for GUI-based interactive installation, and not for silent installation)	make-3.81 binutils-2.17.50.0.6 gcc -4.1.1 libaio-0.3.106 glibc-common-2.3.4 libstdc++ -4.1.1 setarch-1.6 sysstat-5.0.5 rng-utils-2.0 libXtst-1.0.1-3.1(x86_64) xorg-x11-utils (This package is required only for GUI-based interactive installation, and not for silent installation) In addition, install the 32-bit version as well as the 64-bit version of glibc-devel-2.5-49 to avoid any linking errors while installing the OMS. The installer checks for this package, so if this package is not installed, the installer displays an error.

 

Platform	32-Bit Packages for 32-Bit Platform	64-Bit Packages for 64-Bit Platform
Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x	make-3.81 binutils-2.17.50.0.6 gcc-4.1.1 libstdc++-4.1.1	Oracle Linux 5.x and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x, where x <= 5 [for example, Oracle Linux 5.3] make-3.81 binutils-2.17.50.0.6 gcc -4.1.1 libstdc++ -4.1.1 Oracle Linux 5.x and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x, where x > 5 [for example, Oracle Linux 5.6] make-3.81 binutils-2.17.50.0.6 gcc -4.1.1 libaio-0.3.106 glibc-common-2.3.4 libstdc++ -4.1.1 setarch-1.6 sysstat-5.0.5 rng-utils-2

Table 5-3 Library Requirements for Oracle Management Service

Platform	32-Bit Libraries for 32-Bit Platform	64-Bit Libraries for 64-Bit Platform
Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x	glibc-2.5-12	glibc-2.5.12

2.      唯一主机名和静态IP的要求

1)     必须使用一个静态IP

2)     确保在/ etc / hosts文件中指定的主机名是独一无二的,它映射到正确的IP地址。以下是推荐的/ etc / hosts文件格式:

 

 

 

 

3.      安装配置和升级问题

在执行ORACLE数据集基础设置安装,如果网格命名服务(GNS)和动态主机配置协议(DHCP)选项选择启用和根目录下自动执行脚本,使用以下错误的安装可能会失败

   [INS-10008] Session Initialization failed

4.      最低参数设置安装

cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax    sysctl -w kernel.shmmax=

Parameter	Value	File
semmsl semmns semopm semmni	250 32000 100 128	/proc/sys/kernel/sem
shmall	百分之40的物理内存.	/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax	物理内存的一半大小	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni	4096	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max	6815744	/proc/sys/fs/file-max
aio-max-nr	1048576	/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
ip_local_port_range	Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500	/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max	4194304	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max	1048576	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

5.      内核参数配置需求  （）

1)      III. Environment:

   1. 最小推荐内核参数

kernel.shmall = 1/2 of physical memory in pages, this will be the value 2097152. See Note 301830.1 for more information.

kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical memory in bytes. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4GB of physical RAM.

 

For 32-bit Linux Systems :

    Minimum: 536870912 (512 MB)

    Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than 4 GB, or 4294967295

    Recommended: More than half the physical memory

 

For 64-bit Linux Systems :

    Minimum: 536870912 (512 MB)

    Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than the physical memory

    Recommended: More than half the physical memory

 

 

 

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

 

Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures.

 

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

   2. To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the "sysctl -p" command as root.

 

   3. Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:

a.) Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner.

oracle              soft    nproc    2047

oracle              hard   nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile    1024

oracle              hard   nofile    65536

oracle              soft    stack    10240

oracle              hard   stack    10240

NOTE: When the limits.conf file is changed, these changes take effect immediately. However, if the oracle users are logged in, then these changes do not take effect until you log these users out and log them back in. You must do this before you use these accounts for installation.

b.) Verify the latest version of PAM is loaded, then add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

session required pam_limits.so

c.) Verify the current ulimits, and raise if needed.  This can be done many ways...adding the following lines to /etc/profile is the recommended method:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

       ulimit -u 16384

       ulimit -n 65536

    else

       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

    fi

fi

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# /sbin/sysctl -p

# /sbin/sysctl -a 

以上信息来自  support.oracle.com 下面为参考链接

https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/SearchDocDisplay?_adf.ctrl-state=f40xz1v0r_9&_afrLoop=66452725132886 

输入以下命令导致系统读取/ etc / sysctl。conf文件重启时

# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on

 

6.      输入oinstall组的GID作为参数的值/ proc / sys / vm / hugetlb_shm_group。这样做赠款oinstall一组权限的成员创建共享内存段。

 

# echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group

7.      开始正式安装

1)     检查linux系统目前的状况

a)     磁盘容量

[root@TORCL1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

                       39G   24G   14G  65% /

/dev/sda1              99M   13M   82M  14% /boot

tmpfs                 3.9G  4.0K  3.9G   1% /dev/shm

[root@TORCL1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      8174460 kB

b)     内存大小

[root@TORCL1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      8174460 kB

 

c)      检查磁盘交换空间

[root@TORCL1 ~]#  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     8191992 kB

 

内存：最小1GB 推荐2GB ，交换空间：内存大小范围是1-2GB 交换空间是内存的1.5倍，内存大小 2-16GB，交换空间等于内存大小，内存大小16GB 以上时 交换空间未16GB

 

 

d)     检查TMP空间大小

@TORCL1:/home/oracle\/df -h /tmp

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

                       39G   24G   14G  65% /

2)     软件检查

a)     检查系统操作版本

[root@TORCL1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga)

b)     检查系统内核

[root@TORCL1 ~]# uname -m

x86_64

 

c)      检查操作系统共享内存

[root@TORCL1 ~]#  df -k /dev/shm/

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

tmpfs                  4087228         4   4087224   1% /dev/shm

 

d)     检查操作系统的安装包和补丁包

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)

ksh

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)

libXext-1.1 (x86_64)

libXext-1.1 (i686)

libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)

libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)

libX11-1.3 (x86_64)

libX11-1.3 (i686)

libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)

libXau-1.0.5 (i686)

libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)

libxcb-1.5 (i686)

libXi-1.3 (x86_64)

libXi-1.3 (i686)

make-3.81-19.el6

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

 

rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libXi make sysstat

查看安装12C 缺失了哪些安装包

binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed  （缺包）

gcc-4.1.2-50.el5

gcc-c++-4.1.2-50.el5

glibc-2.5-58

glibc-2.5-58

glibc-devel-2.5-58

glibc-devel-2.5-58

ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1

libaio-0.3.106-5

libaio-0.3.106-5

libaio-devel-0.3.106-5

libaio-devel-0.3.106-5

libgcc-4.1.2-50.el5

libgcc-4.1.2-50.el5

libstdc++-4.1.2-50.el5

libstdc++-4.1.2-50.el5

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-50.el5

libXext-1.0.1-2.1

libXext-1.0.1-2.1

libXtst-1.0.1-3.1

libXtst-1.0.1-3.1

libX11-1.0.3-11.el5

libX11-1.0.3-11.el5

libXau-1.0.1-3.1

libXau-1.0.1-3.1

libXi-1.0.1-4.el5_4

libXi-1.0.1-4.el5_4

make-3.81-3.el5

sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5_5.1

 

3)     创建

a)     用户组

# groupadd oinstall

# groupadd dba

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

# passwd oracle

# id oracle

b)     创建软件安装的目录

#mkdir -p /oracle/product

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

#chmod -R 775 /oracle

 

c)      创建归档目录

$mkdir -p /archlog

$chown -R  oracle:oinstall /archlog

$chmod -R  775 /archlog

 

d)     创建数据存放目录

$ mkdir -p  /oradata/db196

$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata

    $ chmod -R 775 /oradata

4)     修改内核参数

a)     编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

b)     更改每个用户的参数

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc    2047

oracle              hard   nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile    1024

oracle              hard   nofile    65536

oracle              soft    stack    10240

oracle              hard   stack    10240

c)      编辑/etc/pam.d/login文件

#vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

 

d)     编辑etc/selinux/config

# vi  /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=enforcing 修改为SELINUX=disabled

 

e)     设置环境变量

PS1="$logname@`uname -n`:\$PWD\/"

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/product; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db11gr2; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=db196; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

5)     解压缩database

[root@TORCL1 orasoft]# ls

database  linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

[root@TORCL1 orasoft]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

 

@TORCL1:/orasoft/database\/./runInstaller