1、创建一个表
JEL@JEL >create table t as select * from all_objects where 0=1;

Table created.

JEL@JEL >select * from t;

no rows selected

2、查询表时IO情况
JEL@JEL >SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY STATISTICS;
JEL@JEL >select * from t;

no rows selected


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          3  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        995  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        369  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          1  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          0  rows processed
JEL@JEL >set autotrace off;

3、插入数据并回滚
JEL@JEL >insert into t select * from all_objects;

9258 rows created.

JEL@JEL >select count(*) from t;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      9258

JEL@JEL >rollback;

Rollback complete.

JEL@JEL >select count(*) from t;

  COUNT(*)
----------
         0

4、查询表时的IO情况
JEL@JEL >set autotrace traceonly statistics;
JEL@JEL >select * from t;

no rows selected


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
        120  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        995  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        369  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          1  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          0  rows processed

JEL@JEL >set autotrace off;

insert导致将一些块增加到表的HWM之下，这些块并没有因为回滚而消失，而是已经格式化，只不过现在为空。全表扫描必须读取这些块，看看其中是否包含行。这说明，回滚只是一个将数据库还原的逻辑操作。