测试在丢失归档日志的情况下，跳过部分归档日志进行数据恢复。


1 构建测试数据文件。
SQL> create tablespace arct datafile '/home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf' size 50m;


Tablespace created.


SQL> create user arct identified by oracle default tablespace arct;


User created.


SQL> grant dba to arct
  2  ;


Grant succeeded.


SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/bbedt/backup
Oldest online log sequence     62
Next log sequence to archive   64
Current log sequence           64
SQL> 
SQL> create table t1 (id number ,name varchar2(10));


Table created.


SQL> insert into t1 values(1,'ey');


1 row created.


SQL> commit;


Commit complete.
查看数据文件编号
         1 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/system01.dbf
         2 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/sysaux01.dbf
         3 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/undotbs01.dbf
         4 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/users01.dbf
         5 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/example01.dbf
         6 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/tbs16k001.dbf
         7 /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf


7 rows selected.


Rman备份数据文件
[oracle@irac01 bbedt]$ rman target /


Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 22 16:30:05 2018


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


connected to target database: YBBEDT (DBID=2362208854)


RMAN> backup datafile 7;


Starting backup at 2018/03/22 16:30:17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=154 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018/03/22 16:30:19
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018/03/22 16:30:20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06suee4r_1_1 tag=TAG20180322T163018 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2018/03/22 16:30:20


RMAN>


查看归档信息：
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   39093760 Mar 20 01:00 1_60_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   41044480 Mar 20 22:24 1_61_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   37861376 Mar 21 11:05 1_62_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   41761792 Mar 21 22:25 1_63_969623729.dbf
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/bbedt/backup
Oldest online log sequence     62
Next log sequence to archive   64
Current log sequence           64
切换日志：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;


System altered.


SQL> /


System altered.


SQL> /
/


System altered.


SQL> /


System altered.


SQL> 
System altered.


SQL> /


System altered.


SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/bbedt/backup
Oldest online log sequence     68
Next log sequence to archive   70
Current log sequence           70
SQL>


目前归档日志：
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   41761792 Mar 21 22:25 1_63_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       1024 Mar 22 16:32 1_65_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       2560 Mar 22 16:32 1_66_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin   30178816 Mar 22 16:32 1_64_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       1024 Mar 22 16:32 1_67_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       1024 Mar 22 16:32 1_68_969623729.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin       1024 Mar 22 16:32 1_69_969623729.dbf
SEQUENCE#
----------
        60
        61
        62
        63
        65
        66
        64
        67
        68
        69


43 rows selected.


2 破坏，删除归档日志：
[oracle@irac01 backup]$ rm -rf 1_64_969623729.dbf
[oracle@irac01 backup]$ rm -rf 1_65_969623729.dbf 
[oracle@irac01 backup]$ rm -rf 1_66_969623729.dbf 
[oracle@irac01 backup]$


将数据文件离线：


SQL> alter database datafile 7 offline;


Database altered.


SQL>
[oracle@irac01 backup]$ rman target /


Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 22 16:44:56 2018


Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


connected to target database: YBBEDT (DBID=2362208854)


RMAN> restore datafile 7;


Starting restore at 2018/03/22 16:45:03
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=27 device type=DISK


channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06suee4r_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06suee4r_1_1 tag=TAG20180322T163018
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 2018/03/22 16:45:08


3 模拟报错现象，Online数据文件时出现报错：
SQL> 
SQL> alter database datafile 7 online;
alter database datafile 7 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 7 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 7: '/home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf'


SQL> recover datafile 7;
ORA-00279: change 23812090 generated at 03/22/2018 16:30:19 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/bbedt/backup/1_64_969623729.dbf
ORA-00280: change 23812090 for thread 1 is in sequence #64




Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}


ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/home/oracle/bbedt/backup/1_64_969623729.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3


4 模拟恢复过程，使用BBED修改数据文件头跳过丢失的归档日志进行恢复：
本次实验跳过被删除的归档日志，直接通过更改数据文件块头，使数据库从低67号数据文件开始恢复。
SQL> select to_char(sequence#,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxx'),to_char(first_change#,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from v$archived_log where sequence#=67;


TO_CHAR(SEQUENC TO_CHAR(FIRST_C
--------------- ---------------
             43         16b5830


SQL>


BBED> set filename '/home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf';
        FILENAME        /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf


BBED> set block 1 
        BLOCK#          1


BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     
   struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     
      ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x016b57fa
      ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000
   ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x39e7389b
   ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001
   union u, 12 bytes                        @500     
      struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     
         ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000040
         ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x0000e627
         ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010
   ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02
   ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00
   ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00


BBED> set count 32
        COUNT           32


BBED> dump
 File: /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  515           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 fa576b01 00000000 9b38e739 01000000 40000000 27e60000 10006c65 02000000 


 <32 bytes="" per="" line="">


a）修改检查点时间，修改一号块偏移量为484的位置：
BBED> modify /x 30586b01
 File: /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  515           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 30586b01 00000000 9b38e739 01000000 40000000 27e60000 10006c65 02000000 


 <32 bytes="" per="" line="">


BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 1:
current = 0x8c20, required = 0x8c20


BBED>
BBED> set offset 500
        OFFSET          500


BBED> dump 
 File: /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  500 to  531           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 40000000 27e60000 10006c65 02000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 


 <32 bytes="" per="" line="">


b）修改序列号
BBED> modify /x 43
 File: /home/oracle/bbedt/oradata/YBBEDT/arct01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:  500 to  531           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 43000000 27e60000 10006c65 02000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 


 <32 bytes="" per="" line="">
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 1:
current = 0x8c23, required = 0x8c23


完成恢复
SQL> recover datafile 7
ORA-00279: change 23812144 generated at 03/22/2018 16:30:19 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/bbedt/backup/1_67_969623729.dbf
ORA-00280: change 23812144 for thread 1 is in sequence #67




Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}


Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 7 online;


Database altered.