为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。
一、在备库服务器安装ORACLE软件
只安装软件，不要创建数据库。ORACLE软件版本和主库保持一致。
二、修改主库参数
节点1执行：
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
节点2执行：
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
可见，在本例中，RAC各节点共用一个spfile，所以，我们修改参数时，可以只需在一个节点下修改就可以了。
--2.1 强制数据库LOGGING
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.
--2.2 修改DATAGUARD相关参数
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)' scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/soft/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary' scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby' scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4 scope=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET COMPATIBLE = '10.2.0.3' scope=spfile;
--以下几个参数是为了SWITCH OVER用的，是可选参数。
--但是为了以后可能发生的SWITCH OVER更方便，应该养成设置这些参数的习惯
--在本文测试环境下，由于主库和备库路径不一致，所以要设置路径转换参数。(可选，switch over用)
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = PRIMARY SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = STANDBY SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
2.3、在主库添加指向备库的tnsname
在主库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：
STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =200.200.200.123)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = standby)
)
三、修改主库为归档模式
3.1、--关闭所有实例
--注意：修改以上参数后，必须把所有实例都关闭。否则在启动实例的时候可能会导致错误：
--ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kccsbck_first], [2], [2241198041],
[], [], [], [], []
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
3.2、修改为归档模式
--关闭所有节点
SQL> shutdown immediate
--在其中一个节点启用归档
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
10GR2以前，在RAC环境下修改归档必须先把设置参数cluster_database=false，把数据库设置为归档后再把该参数设置为true，但这个步骤在10GR2可以省略。
四、备份数据库
4.1、备份数据库
备份操作在节点1(rac1)上执行。
由于归档在不同的节点下，故要连接所有节点进行备份：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 14:48:23 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RAC (DBID=2232067446)
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac1;
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac2;
5> backup database plus archivelog delete all input;
6> }
4.2、生成备库控制文件
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/CON_%U';
4> backup current controlfile for standby;
5> }
为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，
只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。
五、备库环境准备
5.1、在备库添加指向主库的tnsnames
在备库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：
primary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(TYPE = SELECT)
(METHOD = BASIC)
(RETRIES = 180)
(DELAY = 5)
)
)
)
5.2、在备库创建相关目录
包括adump,bdump,cdump,udump及数据文件目录等。
5.3、拷贝主库的密码文件到备库上
--拷贝rac1的密码文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下，并把该密码文件修改为orapwd
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwrac1 172.25.0.35:`pwd`
5.4、配置备库的监听
[oracle@standby admin]$ more listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2/database)
(SID_NAME = rac1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
启动备库监听：lsnrctl start
5.5、设置备库参数文件
从主库rac1上根据spfile创建一个pfile文件，并传到备库上
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
SQL> exit
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp initrac1.ora 172.25.0.35:`pwd` ==复制到stancby数据库==
在备库上修改参数文件：
? 删除所有非"*"打头的参数设置及rac相关参数
? 设置dataguard参数
修改后参数如下：
[oracle@standby dbs]$ more initrac1.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.3'
*.control_files='/soft/oradata/rac/control01.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control02.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'
*.db_name='rac'
*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'
*.fal_client='STANDBY'
*.fal_server='PRIMARY'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION= /soft/oradata/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.log_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=157286400
*.sga_target=157286400
*.undo_management='AUTO'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/udump'
以上 有些参数非必须设置的，但是为了switchover更方便，建议都修改上。
Undo表空间保留其中一个就可以。
路径转换相关参数要设置对，否则会报错。
5.6、把备库启动到nomount状态
[oracle@standby ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount
5.7、从主库拷贝备份到备库上
之前备份的所有文件都拷贝到备库上，路径要和主库备份路径保持一致。如果不一致，linux下可以用ln的方式解决。
注意：两个节点都有归档的备份，要把这些备份都拷贝到备库上。==重要==
RAC1：
[oracle@rac1 backup]$ scp * 172.25.0.35:`pwd`
RAC2：
[oracle@rac2 backup]$ scp * 172.25.0.35:`pwd`
六、恢复备库
6.2、在主库执行，利用auxiliary来恢复备库
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / auxiliary sys/6212327@standby
RMAN> run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/6212327@rac1;
allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/6212327@rac2;
allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U';
allocate auxiliary channel ac2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U';
duplicate target database for standby;
}
从日志可以看到，oracle先根据参数文件把控制文件恢复到合适位置，然后再根据db_file_name_cover把数据文件恢复到合适位置。
七、后续工作
7.1、把备库至于恢复状态：
[oracle@standby admin]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered
此时观察备库的alert文件，可以发现有很多类似的信息：
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump/rac1_mrp0_10825.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 4 of thread 2
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 2: '/soft/oradata/rac/raw11'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Clearing online redo logfile 4 /soft/oradata/rac/raw11
Clearing online log 4 of thread 2 sequence number 50
这是正常的，在第一次置于recover状态的时候，备库会生成对应的online redo log。
7.2、在备库添加standby redo log
Standby redo log比archivelog方式有更大的优势，且在最大保护、最大可用、实时恢复的情况下必须有standby redo log。
Standby redo log的组数一般为(N +1)* thread# （N分别为每个thread#的联机日志组数）。在本例，每一个thread的联机日志都是2组，所以，需要添加6组standby redo log：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog4.ora') SIZE 52428800;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog5.ora') SIZE 52428800;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog6.ora') SIZE 52428800;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog7.ora') SIZE 52428800;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog8.ora') SIZE 52428800;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog9.ora') SIZE 52428800;
注意：standby redo log的大小必须和联机日志一样。
八、遇到的问题
8.1、FAL[client, MRP0]: Error 12545 connecting to PRIMARY for fetching gap sequence
Wed Apr 30 20:21:23 2008
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump/rac1_mrp0_10965.trc:
ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
Wed Apr 30 20:22:23 2008
FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence
GAP - thread 1 sequence 88-88
DBID 2232067446 branch 644085430
FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.
这个问题和gap有关，备库尝试拿gap的时候，发现不能连接主库。这个问题是RAC的监听造成的，参考yangtingkun的解决方法，修改两个参数即可：
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))' SID = 'rac1';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))' SID = 'rac2';
8.2
FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence
GAP - thread 1 sequence 88-88
DBID 2232067446 branch 644085430
FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization
parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large
enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve
archivelog gaps.
这个问题还是和gap有关。备库现在需要从主库上拿sequence 88这个归档，但这个归档在前面做备份的时候删除了。解决方法是从备份还原这个归档：
RMAN> restore archivelog sequence 88;
补充说明：==oracle官方配置===lvlisong==
（2006年发布的，应该是9版本的===）
1. tnsname.ora配置
CHICAGO1_SERV = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS =
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST =chicago_host1vip)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER =DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = CHICAGO)
(INSTANCE_NAME =CHICAGO1)
)
)
CHICAGO2_SERV =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS =
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = chicago_host2vip)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = CHICAGO)
(INSTANCE_NAME = CHICAGO2)
)
BOSTON =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS =
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST =boston_host1)
(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSTON)
)
)
Primary Database======配置==
*.db_unique_name=CHICAGO
*.service_names=CHICAGO
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(CHICAGO,BOSTON)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=BOSTON valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=BOSTON'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/BOSTON/',’+DATA/CHICAGO/', ’+RECOVERY/BOSTON’,’+RECOVERY/CHICAGO’
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/BOSTON/',’+DATA/CHICAGO/', ’+RECOVERY/BOSTON’,’+RECOVERY/CHICAGO’
=说明=下面参数是switch over用的,切换成standy时，fal_server='bosten'=
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.fal_server='BOSTON'
CHICAGO1.fal_client='CHICAGO1_SERV'
CHICAGO2.fal_client='CHICAGO2_SERV'
Standby database==================配置============
*.service_names='BOSTON'
*.db_unique_name='BOSTON'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config= (CHICAGO,BOSTON)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=CHICAGO1_SERV valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=CHICAGO'
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/CHICAGO/', '+DATA/BOSTON/','+RECOVERY/CHICAGO',
'+RECOVERY/BOSTON'
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/CHICAGO/','+DATA/BOSTON/','+RECOVERY/CHICAGO',
'+RECOVERY/BOSTON'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.fal_server='CHICAGO1_SERV','CHICAGO2_SERV'
*.fal_client='BOSTON'
primary database create standby redo log========
2. Create standby redo logs on the primary database to support the standby role. The standby redo logs are the same size as the primary database online logs. The recommended number of standby redo logs is one more than the number of online redo logs for each thread. Because this example has two online redo logs for each thread, three standby redo logs are required for each thread.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1
GROUP 5 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 6 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 7 SIZE 10M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2
GROUP 8 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 9 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 10 SIZE 10M;
physical standby database-------------------------------
(maximum # of logfiles +1) * maximum # of threads
This example uses two online log files for each thread. Thus, the number of standby redo logs should be (2 + 1) * 2 = 6. That is, one more standby redo log file for each thread.
Thread 1, group 1 2
Thread 2,group 3, 4
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1
GROUP 5 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 6 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 7 SIZE 10M;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILETHREAD 2
GROUP 8 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 9 SIZE 10M,
GROUP 10 SIZE 10M;
查询：
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOG;
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE;
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/29119536/viewspace-1220973/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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