deferred指的是当前会话不生效，以后的会话生效。
SQL> select name from v$parameter where issys_modifiable='DEFERRED';
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
backup_tape_io_slaves
recyclebin
audit_file_dest
object_cache_optimal_size
object_cache_max_size_percent
sort_area_size
sort_area_retained_size
olap_page_pool_size
8 rows selected.
SQL> show parameter audit
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adu
mp
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB
修改失败
SQL> alter system set audit_file_dest='/tmp';
alter system set audit_file_dest='/tmp'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02096: specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this
option
修改成功
SQL> alter system set audit_file_dest='/tmp' deferred;
System altered.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter audit
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adu
mp
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 3 12:26:01 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter audit
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /tmp
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB
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