1，数据文件不能跨越备份集
数据文件不能跨备份集的，每个通道生成一个备份集，如果分配两个通道来备份一个数据文件，其中一个通道就是空闲的。

查看数据文件
SYS@PROD1> col file_name for a50
SYS@PROD1> SELECT file_id,file_name,tablespace_name FROM dba_data_files ORDER BY file_id;

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
         1 +DATA/prod/datafile/system.260.849976261           SYSTEM
         2 +DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.268.849976261           SYSAUX
         3 +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.275.849976261         UNDOTBS1
         4 +DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261            USERS
         5 +DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335          EXAMPLE
         6 +DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.267.849976445         UNDOTBS2

6 rows selected.

分配2个通道来备份4号数据文件，对应表空间为USERS
[oracle@node1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jul 9 19:58:09 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=261814664)

RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> backup datafile 4;
5> release channel c1;
6> release channel c2;
7> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=152 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=22 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndf0_tag20140709t195906_0.473.852494347 tag=TAG20140709T195906 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

RMAN>
注意上面的文字输出部分，channel c1 一直在工作，channel c2没有使用。

2，channel个数决定备份的并行度和备份集个数
如果分配多个channel来备份数据库，不同通道备份不同数据文件会生成不同的备份集
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> backup datafile 4,5;
5> release channel c1;
6> release channel c2;
7> }

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=152 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=22 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndf0_tag20140709t200607_0.475.852494767 tag=TAG20140709T200607 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndf0_tag20140709t200607_0.474.852494767 tag=TAG20140709T200607 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

RMAN>

上面对文件4和文件5进行备份，channel c1 备份文件4，channel备份文件5

0级差异增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=152 instance=PROD1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/system.260.849976261
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.268.849976261
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.275.849976261
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.267.849976445
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndn0_tag20140709t201835_0.476.852495517 tag=TAG20140709T201835 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/ncsnn0_tag20140709t201835_0.477.852495525 tag=TAG20140709T201835 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

1级差异增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/system.260.849976261
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.268.849976261
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.275.849976261
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.267.849976445
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndn1_tag20140709t201904_0.478.852495545 tag=TAG20140709T201904 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/ncsnn1_tag20140709t201904_0.479.852495553 tag=TAG20140709T201904 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

0级累计增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/system.260.849976261
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.268.849976261
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.275.849976261
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.267.849976445
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndn0_tag20140709t202338_0.480.852495819 tag=TAG20140709T202338 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/ncsnn0_tag20140709t202338_0.481.852495835 tag=TAG20140709T202338 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

1级累计增量备份
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 09-JUL-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/system.260.849976261
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/sysaux.268.849976261
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/example.269.849976335
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs1.275.849976261
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/undotbs2.267.849976445
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/prod/datafile/users.274.849976261
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/nnndn1_tag20140709t202418_0.482.852495859 tag=TAG20140709T202418 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-JUL-14
piece handle=+ARCH/prod/backupset/2014_07_09/ncsnn1_tag20140709t202418_0.483.852495867 tag=TAG20140709T202418 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 09-JUL-14

RMAN>

3，启用块变更追踪
SYS@PROD1> alter database enable block change tracking;

Database altered.

SYS@PROD1> col filename for a60
SYS@PROD1> select status,filename,bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS     FILENAME                                                             MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
ENABLED    +DATA/prod/changetracking/ctf.265.852496127                     11.0625

只需要在一个节点上执行该操作就可以，追踪文件默认被放置在共享磁盘+DATA下

禁用块变更追踪
SYS@PROD1> alter database disable block change tracking;

Database altered.

SYS@PROD1> select status,filename,bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS     FILENAME                                                             MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
DISABLED

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