RMAN:
show all ;查看备份参数 或者 查看动态性能视图 v$rman_configuration
configure controlfile autobackup on;打开对控制文件自动备份

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 3;配置磁带并行度为3；

 查看相关配置：
RMAN> SHOW CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT;
RMAN> SHOW EXCLUDE;
RMAN> SHOW ALL;

恢复默认设置：
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION CLEAR;
RMAN> CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE CLEAR;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE CLEAR;

disk磁盘 tape/sbt磁带

设置默认到磁盘还是磁带  分配通道
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt ...
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;

RMAN> RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
}
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;命令的理解！

个人理解如下：

执行命令后系统 切换redo log并归档à备份归档文件(scn：604010～609123)à备份数据文件（ckp scn：

609130/609129）à切换redo log并归档à备份归档文件（scn：609123～609152）à备份spfile和control file

（ckp scn：609158）

backup copies 2（备份两份） datafile 4 format ='路径'；备份，并设置备份到的路径；

RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;优化设置，备份时跳过没发生过变化的部分

backup as compressed backupset database;压缩备份

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/BASIC'备份强度
run {
SET COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/BASIC';
..
}

第五章：
 
以备份集的形式备份到。。。
RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET
   2> FORMAT '/BACKUP/df_%d_%s_%p.bus'
  3> TABLESPACE hr_data;

list backup of datafile 4；显示4号文件的备份信息

crosscheck backup; 检查操作系统和数据库上的备份信息

全拷贝：
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATAFILE '/ORADATA/users_01_db01.dbf'; 
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY ARCHIVELOG LIKE '/arch%';

imagecope另一种拷贝方法（直接复制）：
针对数据文件
copy datafile 4 to '/home/oracle/users....bak';

全备：
backup full datafile 4;
0级备份
backup incremental level 0 datafle 4;
增量备份：
backup incremental level 1 datafle 4;
累积增备：
backup incremental level 1 cumulative datafle 4;

备份全部数据库 转移到磁盘：
RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK AS BACKUPSET  
   2> DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt BACKUPSET ALL;

alter database enable block change tracking using file '路径';开启块改变跟踪

并行备份：

BACKUP DATAFILE 5 SECTION SIZE = 25M ；分成多块备份  一块25M

保留策略：

backup keep until time 'sysdate+365' datafile 4 format'';保留一年，不能保存到快速恢复区
backup keep forever datafile 4 format'’；永久保留

change backup tag(+tag编号) nokeep; 取消保留策略

把快速恢复区做个全部备份
backup recovery area to destination '路径';
备份所有的备份文件
backup recovery files

delete copy/backup 删除备份

把所有备份备份到磁带
run{
 allocate channel c1 device type sbt;
 backup recover files;
}

LIST: Displays information about backup sets, proxy copies, and image copies recorded in the

repository
REPORT: Produces a detailed analysis of the repository
REPORT NEED BACKUP: Lists all data files that require a backup看没有备份且需要备份的数据文件备

份
REPORT OBSOLETE: Identifies files that are no longer needed to satisfy backup retention

policies查看多余的备份

delete OBSOLETE 删除多余的备份

report need backup recovery window of 3 days;三天内要过期的需要备份的备份