最近准备玩一下Oracle Golden Gate，需要搭个新环境，安装过程记录一下。

操作系统版本：Oracle Linux Server release 5.7
Oracle版本：Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86


一、安装前的环境配置

1. 检查官方文档中要求的必需RPM包是否已安装（命令:rpm -qa | grep 包名称）
以下是11GR2在Linux 5 版本中必须安装的包
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18（Oracle Linux5.7 下面已经有kernel-uek-headers）
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

没有的包去Linux的映像文件中找,打开其中的RPMS目录,将缺少的包提取出来,再FTP到Linux目录下.同时,在其目录下输入rpm -ivh *.rpm安装所有包.


2. 建组、用户、目录及权限
# mkdir -p /u01/oracle --建立安装目录
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle  --设置密码
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01


3. 配置用户限制
在/etc/security/limits.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
 
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240


4. 配置内核参数
在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

修改完成后执行
/sbin/sysctl -p   使之立即生效

设置oracle用户的环境变量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ogg

5. 解压oracle安装文件
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

6. 创建/etc/oraInst.loc文件,内容如下
[root@oracleasm ~]# cd /etc
[root@oracleasm etc]# vi oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/oracle/oraInventory     ##注意这里写绝对路径，不要用$ORACLE_BASE
inst_group=oinstall

修改文件权限
[root@oracleasm etc]# chown oracle:oinstall oraInst.loc
[root@oracleasm etc]# chmod 664 oraInst.loc


二、静默安装Oracle软件

从response目录下面复制一份rsp文件出来
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ ls
database  dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp  oracle  oraInventory
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ cp ./database/response/*.* ./.


修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/u01/db_install.rsp
 
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ##29 行 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracleasm ##37 行 主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall ##42 行 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oracle/oraInventory ##47 行 INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ##78 行 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 ##83 行 oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle ##88 行 oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ##99 行 oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true ##108行 自定义安装
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba ##142行 dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall ##147行 oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE ##160行 数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl ##165行 globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl ##170行 SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 ##192行 自动管理内存的最小内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle ##233行 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ##385行 设置安全更新


执行安装
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /u01/db_install.rsp


等待安装直到出现：
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
 #!/bin/sh 
 #Root scripts to run


/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window 
         2. Log in as "root" 
         3. Run the scripts 
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 


Successfully Setup Software.


三、静默配置网络
 
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responseFile /u01/netca.rsp


Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
 

四、静默安装数据库
修改仅安装数据库的响应文件/u01/dbca.rsp
 
GDBNAME="ogg.oracleasm" ##78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ogg" ##7149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" ##7415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" ##7425行 编码


执行安装


[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password: 
 
Enter SYSTEM user password: 
 
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ogg/ogg.log" for further details.


完成后检查一下实例状态
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle    8306     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ogg
oracle    8310     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ogg
oracle    8316     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ogg
oracle    8320     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ogg
oracle    8324     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ogg
oracle    8328     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ogg
oracle    8332     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ogg
oracle    8336     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ogg
oracle    8340     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ogg
oracle    8344     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ogg
oracle    8348     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ogg
oracle    8352     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ogg
oracle    8356     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ogg
oracle    8360     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ogg
oracle    8364     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ogg
oracle    8368     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ogg
oracle    8372     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ogg
oracle    8467     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ogg
oracle    8496     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ogg
oracle    8500     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_ogg
oracle    8504     1  0 21:48 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_ogg


检查一下监听状态
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ lsnrctl status


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-DEC-2013 21:51:21


Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                23-DEC-2013 20:50:40
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 41 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracleasm/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracleasm)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ogg.oracleasm" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oggXDB.oracleasm" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


至此安装完毕！