动态注册dynamic registry和静态注册是Oracle实例和监听器之间建立联系的重要方式。从现在趋势看，默认监听器+动态注册已经成为默认Oracle标准配置。在一些场景下，处于安全的原因可能需要修改标准监听配置和注册方式。本篇主要介绍如何实现非1521端口进行动态注册方法。   1、默认监听与1521端口   Oracle Net Service核心三个配置文件：listener.ora、tnsnames.ora和sqlnet.ora。其中，listener.ora文件为监听器相关信息的配置文件。关于监听器个性化参数内容，均在该文件中设置。   在默认安装情况下，我们一般在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录中是可以没有listener.ora文件的。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ ls -l -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  332 Aug  7 01:44 tnsnames.ora     此时，Oracle会在1521默认端口，支持一个默认配置文件的监听器程序。并且，该程序支持动态注册功能。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl start   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:08:10   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:08:10 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF --此处没有说明监听器配置文件路径。 Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     对注册行为另一端的Oracle实例而言，默认情况下Oracle实例会进行动态注册动作，会向1521端口监听的监听程序进行注册动作。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:14:54 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:08:10 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 43 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     2、非默认端口监听器   在一些安全需求场景下，我们会被要求修改监听端口到非1521端口，从而避免被扫描入侵。其实，这对于攻击扫描程序来讲，意义不大，因为一般黑客攻击都会扫描所有端口。   如果我们需要修改端口号，就必须创建专门的listener.ora文件内容来进行配置。下面内容可以配置一个非标准监听器程序。       [oracle@aaalife admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.   MY_LISTENER =   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =     (DESCRIPTION =       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1531))       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1531))     )   )   ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle     配置文件中，包括一个1531端口的监听程序。下面查看监听器情况。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl start   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:27:53   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     默认显示的还有1521端口监听程序。同时，发现其实当前服务器上是由两个监听器运行的。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:30:13   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 19 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@aaalife admin]$   [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 01:30:29   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:17:52 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 37 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully     上面信息显示出几个细节：   ü  我们在listener.ora文件中配置了一个自定义监听器my_listener，监听1531端口。但是系统当前默认监听器依然存在，并且可运行，在1521端口。my_listener监听器运行在1531端口； ü  Oracle实例动态注册动作是在1521端口的监听程序上进行的，1531端口并没有被注册；   默认监听器的问题好解决，只要我们只保留一个监听即可。那么，如何让Oracle实例在1531端口进行注册，不在1521端口进行注册呢？   解决的方法就是使用local_listener配置参数。默认情况下，该参数为空。     SQL> show parameter listener;   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ listener_networks                    string local_listener                       string remote_listener                      string     该参数用于明确指定Oracle实例向哪一个监听器上进行注册动作。通常对于非标准端口注册，都需要将注册监听信息修改参数。     SQL> show parameter local   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ local_listener     string      (ADDRESS_LIST=(Address=(Protoc                                                 ol=tcp)(HOST=AAALIFE)(Port=1531))) log_archive_local_first              boolean     TRUE parallel_force_local                 boolean     FALSE     注意：该参数local_listener修改范围支持both方式，立即生效不需要重新启动实例。   此时，监听器状态如下：     [oracle@aaalife dbs]$ lsnrctl status   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 02:32:25   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:27:53 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 4 min. 32 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully   [oracle@aaalife dbs]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 02:32:33   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     LISTENER Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 01:17:52 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 14 min. 41 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     实例向1531端口进行动态注册了，原有1521默认监听器没有注册信息。   那么，还有一个问题，就是local_listener设置值。该值采用括号表达式进行书写，是Oracle Net Service内部使用的一种方式。从管理角度看，这种策略不是很好的方法。我们直接将端口编号书写在数据库参数中，不但容易泄露部署信息，而且在发生迁移、变更动作的时候，这种方式也会有一些问题。   所以，Oracle官方支持监听器别名方法进行配置local_listener。   3、设置监听器别名   一个很有意思的现象是，在local_listener的配置问题上，MOS和网络同仁们的差异是很大的。MOS官方意见是将监听器别名设置上，而网络同仁们无一例外的选择“括号表达式”。   笔者实验的情况是，直接设置监听器别名，Oracle是不认可的。     SQL> alter system set local_listener='my_listener' scope=both; alter system set local_listener='my_listener' scope=both * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'my_listener'     Oracle不能解析my_listener名称，因为其既不是括号表达式，也不是设置的别名。这里面就比较奇怪，我们分明已经在listener.ora文件中定义了名称。   对00132错误，Oracle官方的解释如下：     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ oerr ora 00132 00132, 00000, "syntax error or unresolved network name '%s'" // *Cause:  Listener address has syntax error or cannot be resolved. // *Action: If a network name is specified, check that it corresponds //          to an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or other address repository //          as configured for your system. Make sure that the entry //          is syntactically correct.     Oracle认为在服务器端的tnsnames.ora文件中，没有能够找到my_listener的对应名称。Tnsnames.ora是我们保存本地连接对应名称的地方，这里是否意味着说此处的别名，是一定在tnsnames.ora文件中进行定义。本地命名别名定义我们是熟悉的。监听器程序别名如何定义？   经过查询Oracle早期文档和治疗，从一个角落找到定义格式和方法。     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.   MY_LISTENER= (description=  (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=AAALIFE)(port=1531)))     突发奇想，tnsping命令有解析格式的副作用。是否可以成功呢？     [oracle@aaalife admin]$ tnsping my_listener   TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 20:43:58   Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Used parameter files:   Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (description= (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=AAALIFE)(port=1531))) OK (0 msec)     解析成功，起码格式上没有大的问题。     SQL> alter system set local_listener='MY_LISTENER' scope=both;   System altered.     SQL> show parameter local;   NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ local_listener                       string      MY_LISTENER log_archive_local_first              boolean     TRUE parallel_force_local                 boolean     FALSE     启动手工注册，查看监听器状态。     SQL> alter system register; System altered.   [oracle@aaalife admin]$ lsnrctl status my_listener   LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-SEP-2015 20:50:47   Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias                     my_listener Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date                07-SEP-2015 19:48:50 Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 1 min. 59 sec Trace Level               off Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP                      OFF Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aaalife/my_listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1531)))   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1531))) Services Summary... Service "aaadb" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "aaadbXDB" has 1 instance(s).   Instance "aaadb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully     设置成功，监听器状态中my_listener作为别名alias出现在状态信息中。   4、结论   动态注册是我们最常用的注册模式。多个配置文件（Oracle Net Service）、Oracle参数、监听器设置交织相互作用影响，期间又有网络网卡、域名解析等多因素作用，很容易出现问题故障。多实验、多测试，可以帮助我们抽丝剥茧，逐步深入的了解系统，在日常工作中更加游刃有余。

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实现Oracle非1521标准端口动态注册

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