RMAN> connect target /
connected to target database: DBX11G (DBID=1196818232)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

輸入backup database命令，這將對數據庫中所有的數據文件、控制文件進行備份。
a. 將自動分配通道中配置的備份目錄進行修改，修改爲/home/oracle/rman_backup

 RMAN> configure channel device type disk format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/%U';
 new RMAN configuration parameters:
 CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/home/oracle/rman_backup/%U';
 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

b.對數據庫中所有的數據文件、控制文件、所有的歸檔重做日誌文件進行備份.使用backup database plus archivelog命令。如果僅使用backup database命令建立的備份中，並不包含歸檔重做日誌文件。如果要對所有的歸檔重做日誌文件進行備份，必須要在backup database之後指定plus archivelog選項

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;
 Starting backup at 12-APR-14
 current log archived
 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
 input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=1 STAMP=844428414
 input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=2 STAMP=844720474
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_backup/03p5iqar_1_1 tag=TAG20140412T203435 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
 Finished backup at 12-APR-14
 Starting backup at 12-APR-14
 using channel ORA_DISK_1
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
 input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/users01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/apps01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/system01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/sysaux01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/undotbs01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/indx01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/user01.dbf
 input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/user02.dbf
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_backup/04p5iqau_1_1 tag=TAG20140412T203438 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
 including current control file in backup set
 including current SPFILE in backup set
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_backup/05p5iqbk_1_1 tag=TAG20140412T203438 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
 Finished backup at 12-APR-14
 Starting backup at 12-APR-14
 current log archived
 using channel ORA_DISK_1
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
 input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=3 STAMP=844720507
 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-APR-14
 piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_backup/06p5iqbs_1_1 tag=TAG20140412T203508 comment=NONE
 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
 Finished backup at 12-APR-14

c. 完成備份後對當前的聯機重做日誌文件進行歸檔。因爲在利用這個備份修復數據庫後需要使用到這個重做日誌中的重做記錄。假如在完成備份之後的瞬間發生了介質故障，在沒有當前聯機重做日誌的情況下，將無法將修復後的數據庫恢復到一致狀態。

 RMAN> sql 'alter system archive log current';
 sql statement: alter system archive log current

查看備份後的備份集與備份片的信息

 RMAN> list backup of database;
 List of Backup Sets
 ===================

 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
 ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
 4       Full    263.28M    DISK        00:00:19     12-APR-14
         BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140412T203438
         Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_backup/04p5iqau_1_1
   List of Datafiles in backup set 4
   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
   1       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/system01.dbf
   2       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/sysaux01.dbf
   3       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/undotbs01.dbf
   4       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/users01.dbf
   5       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/apps01.dbf
   6       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/indx01.dbf
   7       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/user01.dbf
   8       Full 293888     12-APR-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBX11g/user02.dbf

RMAN> connect target /
connected to target database: DBX11G (DBID=1196818232)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog