&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ORACLE对内存的管理越来越趋向智能化、自动化，从9i通过PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数实现PGA的自动管理，10g通过Automatic Shared Memory Management（ASMM）实现SGA的自动管理，到11g通过Automatic Memory Management（AMM）实现内存（SGA+PGA）的自动管理。由于11G(AMM)的引入，DBA只需要设置一个或两个参数就可以实现ORACLE对整个内存块的自动管理。memory_max_target参数指定了ORACLE可以分配的最大内存大小，如果不指定memory_target参数，默认为0，即和memory_max_target同样大小。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span><span style="font-family:宋体;">默认情况下，</span><span><span>Oracle 11g</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">是使用</span><span><span>AMM</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的。我们在安装过程中，指定</span><span><span>Oracle</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">使用内存的百分比，这个取值就作为</span><span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的初始取值使用。如果这两个参数设置为非零取值，那么</span><span><span>Oracle</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">就是采用</span><span><span>AMM</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">管理策略的。</span></span><span><span style="font-family:宋体;">同时，如果我们设置这两个参数为</span><span><span>0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，则</span><span><span>AMM</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自动关闭。对应的</span><span><span>SGA_TARGET</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">、</span><span><span>PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">参数取值非零之后，</span><span><span>Oracle</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自动退化使用</span><span><span>ASMM</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;">特性。</span></span><br /> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 下面介绍一下4个相关的初始化参数。<br /> &nbsp; <h1> <span>SGA_MAX_SIZE</span> </h1> <p> &nbsp; </p> <table style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">属性</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">描述</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">参数类型</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>Big integer</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">语法</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>SGA_MAX_SIZE = integer [K | M | G]</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">默认值</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">数据库启动时</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的初始化大小，取决于</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中不同池的大小，例如缓冲区，共享池，大池，等等。</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否可修改</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">否</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">取值范围</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>0~</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视操作系统而定</span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <span>SGA_MAX_SIZE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">指定了实例生命周期内</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的最大值。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">在</span><span>64</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">位平台或者非</span><span>32</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">位</span><span>Windows</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">平台，当</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">或</span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被设定时，</span><span>SGA_MAX_SIZE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">会被设置为二者的较大值。这样将会预留更多的地址空间用于扩大</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">在</span><span>32</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">位</span><span>Windows</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">平台，</span><span>SGA_MAX_SIZE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的默认值是下面几个参数值的最大值：</span><span></span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>60%*MEMORY_TARGET(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如果指定的话</span><span>)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>60%*MEMORY_MAX_TARGET (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">如果指定的话</span><span>)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="font-family:'Tahoma','sans-serif';color:#222222;">25</span><span>%*</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">总的可用虚拟地址空间<br /> </span> </p> <h1> <span></span>&nbsp; </h1> <h1> <span>SGA_TARGET</span> </h1> <p> &nbsp; </p> <table style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">属性</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">描述</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">参数类型</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>Big integer</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">语法</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>SGA_TARGET = integer [K | M | G]</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">默认值</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>0(SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自动调整功能在</span><span>DEFERRED</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式调整请求下被禁用，但是在</span><span>IMMEDIATE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式调整请求下是允许的</span><span>)</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否可修改</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>ALTER SYSTEM</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">取值范围</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>64M~</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视操作系统而定</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否基本参数</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是</span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <span>SGA_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">制定了</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">各个组件的总大小。如果</span><span>SGA_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">被指定，那么下面所列出的内存池大小将被自动分配：</span><span></span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Buffer cache (DB_CACHE_SIZE)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Shared pool (SHARED_POOL_SIZE)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Large pool (LARGE_POOL_SIZE)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Java pool (JAVA_POOL_SIZE)</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Streams pool (STREAMS_POOL_SIZE)</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">如果上述自动调整的内存池被设置为非零值，那么这些值将被自动共享内存管理系统</span><span>(ASMM, Automatic Shared Memory Management)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视为最小值。如果一个应用组件正常运行要求一个最小数值的内存，那么你就需要设定最小值。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">下述内存池需要手工设置大小，不受自动共享内存管理系统</span><span>(ASMM, Automatic Shared Memory Management)</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的影响：</span><span></span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Log buffer</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Other buffer caches, such as </span><span>KEEP</span><span>, </span><span>RECYCLE</span><span>, and other block sizes</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:-21pt;margin-left:42pt;"> <span style="font-family:Wingdings;"><span>l<span>&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>Fixed SGA and other internal allocations</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">当自动共享内存管理系统在计算自动调整内存池的具体大小时，会将上述内存池内存从总的可用</span><span>SGA_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">中扣除。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">在“默认值”字段中，</span><span>IMMEDIATE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式自动调整要求是必要的，这样可以避免</span><span>ORA-04031</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">错误。</span><span>DEFERRED</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span>IMMEDIATE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式的具体值，可以通过</span><span>V$MEMORY_RESIZE_OPS</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视图的</span><span>OPER_MODE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">列来查看。</span><span></span> </p> <h1> <span></span>&nbsp; </h1> <h1> <span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span> </h1> <p> &nbsp; </p> <table style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">属性</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">描述</span><span></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">参数类型</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>Big integer</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">语法</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>MEMORY</span><span> _MAX_TARGET = integer [K | M | G]</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">默认值</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>0</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否可修改</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>NO</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">取值范围</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>0~Oracle</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">数据库可用物理内存大小</span><span></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否基本参数</span><span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">否</span><span></span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">指定了一个</span><span>DBA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">可以设置</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">初始化参数的最大值。请参见</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的有关描述，获取更多有关</span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的设置是如何相互影响的信息。</span><span></span> </p> <h1> <span></span>&nbsp; </h1> <h1> <span>MEMORY_TARGET</span> </h1> <p> &nbsp; </p> <table style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">属性</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1pt solid;border-left:green 1pt solid;border-top:green 1pt solid;border-right:green 1pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">描述</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">参数类型</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>Big integer</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">语法</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>MEMORY</span><span> _TARGET = integer [K | M | G]</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">默认值</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>0(SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">自动调整功能在</span><span>DEFERRED</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式调整请求下被禁用，但是在</span><span>IMMEDIATE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">模式调整请求下是允许的</span><span>)</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否可修改</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>ALTER SYSTEM</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">取值范围</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-right:medium none;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span>152M~</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">视操作系统而定</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">是否基本参数</span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom:green 1.5pt solid;border-left:green 1.5pt solid;border-top:green 1.5pt solid;border-right:green 1.5pt solid;" valign="top"> <p style="text-indent:0cm;"> <span style="font-family:宋体;">否</span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">指定</span><span>Oracle</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">系统范围的可用内存。数据库将内存大小调整为</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的值，根据需要减少或扩大</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span>PGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">应该设置大于或等于当前</span><span>SGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">和</span><span>PGA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">大小的总和。</span><span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体;">在文本初始化参数文件中，如果省略</span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并包括一个</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">值，则数据库会自动将</span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的值设置为</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">的值。如果省略</span><span>MEMORY_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">并包括</span><span>MEMORY_MAX_TARGET</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">，则</span><span>MEMORY_</span>TARGET参数默认值为零。在数据库启动后，你可以动态地修改MEMORY_TARGET为非零值，只要它不超过MEMORY_MAX_TARGET的值。 </p> <p> 总的内存使用量可以超过MEMORY_TARGET的值。例如，只要在操作系统级别上有可用内存，无论MEMORY_TARGET的值是多少，都可以将内存分配给PL / SQL表和可变数组。 </p> 在“默认值”字段中，IMMEDIATE模式自动调整要求是必要的，这样可以避免ORA-04031错误。DEFERRED和IMMEDIATE模式的具体值，可以通过V$MEMORY_RESIZE_OPS视图的OPER_MODE列来查看。<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />