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CentOS中Python pip包管理工具的安装和使用

原创 IT综合 作者：天空的鹰 时间：2015-08-27 14:25:02 0 删除 编辑

Python有很多第三方的模块或包，要管理这些包，有很多方法。python的pip包管理工具，类似与CentOS中yum，使用该工具安装Python包非常方便。

从Python内部来说，pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具 , 是 easy_install 的一个替换品。

distribute是setuptools的取代(Setuptools包后期不再维护了)，pip是easy_install的取代。

pip的安装前需要setuptools 或者 distribute，如果你使用的是Python3.x那么就只能使用distribute因为Python3.x不支持setuptools。

我的CentOS环境是Python 2.6，所以在之前已经按照好了setuptools，安装下面的步骤安装pip包管理工具。


1.pip工具的下载安装

pip下载命令为：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. # cd /usr/local/src --路径可以根据情况修改
  2. # wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

pip 安装命令为：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. # tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
  2. # cd pip-1.5.4
  3. # python setup.py install


2.pip工具使用方法


点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. pip安装一个包
  2. # pip install SomePackage
  3.   [...]
  4.   Successfully installed SomePackage

  6. pip列出已经安装的包
  7. # pip list

  9. pip查看已经安装的包
  10. # pip show --files SomePackage
  11.   Name: SomePackage
  12.   Version: 1.0
  13.   Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
  14.   Files:
  15.    ../somepackage/__init__.py
  16.    [...]

  18. pip检查哪些包需要更新
  19. # pip list --outdated
  20.   SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)


  23. pip升级包
  24.  # pip install --upgrade SomePackage
  25.   [...]
  26.   Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
  27.   Uninstalling SomePackage:
  28.     Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
  29.   Running setup.py install for SomePackage
  30.   Successfully installed SomePackage

  32. pip卸载包
  33. $ pip uninstall SomePackage
  34.   Uninstalling SomePackage:
  35.     /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
  36.   Proceed (y/n)? y
  37.   Successfully uninstalled SomePackage


3.pip命令参数解释


点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. # pip --help

  3. Usage:
  4.   pip <command> [options]

  6. Commands:
  7.   install 安装包.
  8.   uninstall 卸载包.
  9.   freeze 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
  10.   list 列出已安装包.
  11.   show 显示包详细信息.
  12.   search 搜索包，类似yum里的search.
  13.   wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
  14.   zip 不推荐. Zip individual packages.
  15.   unzip 不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
  16.   bundle 不推荐. Create pybundles.
  17.   help 当前帮助.

  19. General Options:
  20.   -h, --help 显示帮助.
  21.   -v, --verbose 更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
  22.   -V, --version 现实版本信息然后退出.
  23.   -q, --quiet 最少的输出.
  24.   --log-file <path> 覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
  25.   --log <path> 不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
  26.   --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  27.   --timeout <sec> 连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
  28.   --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  29.   --cert <path> 证书.


4.pip管理包实际执行过程：


点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. #使用pip 安装Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
  2. # pip install XlsxWriter
  3. Downloading/unpacking XlsxWriter
  4.   Downloading XlsxWriter-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB): 132kB downloaded
  5. Installing collected packages: XlsxWriter
  6. Successfully installed XlsxWriter
  7. Cleaning up...
  8. [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]#
  9. [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip list
  10. Beaker (1.3.1)
  11. cas (0.15)
  12. decorator (3.0.1)
  13. distribute (0.6.10)
  14. ethtool (0.6)
  15. firstboot (1.110)
  16. FormEncode (1.3.0)
  17. freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
  18. iniparse (0.3.1)
  19. iotop (0.3.2)
  20. ipapython (3.0.0)
  21. iwlib (1.0)
  22. kerberos (1.0)
  23. lxml (2.2.3)
  24. Mako (0.3.4)
  25. MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
  26. matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
  27. netaddr (0.7.5)
  28. nose (0.10.4)
  29. numpy (1.4.1)
  30. ordereddict (1.2)
  31. paramiko (1.7.5)
  32. pip (1.5.4)
  33. psutil (2.0.0)
  34. pycrypto (2.0.1)
  35. pycurl (7.19.0)
  36. PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
  37. pygpgme (0.1)
  38. pyOpenSSL (0.10)
  39. python-dateutil (1.4.1)
  40. python-default-encoding (0.1)
  41. python-ldap (2.3.10)
  42. python-meh (0.11)
  43. python-nss (0.13)
  44. pytz (2010h)
  45. pyxdg (0.18)
  46. scdate (1.9.60)
  47. sckdump (2.0.5)
  48. scservices (0.99.45)
  49. scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
  50. setuptools (18.2)
  51. slip (0.2.20)
  52. slip.dbus (0.2.20)
  53. slip.gtk (0.2.20)
  54. Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
  55. SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
  56. SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
  57. urlgrabber (3.9.1)
  58. XlsxWriter (0.7.3)
  59. yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
  60. #

  62. #使用pip 显示Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
  63. # pip show --files XlsxWriter
  64. ---
  65. Name: XlsxWriter
  66. Version: 0.7.3
  67. Location: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
  68. Requires:
  69. Files:
  70. Cannot locate installed-files.txt
  71. #

  73. #使用pip 显示已经安装的Python的包
  74. # pip list
  75. Beaker (1.3.1)
  76. cas (0.15)
  77. decorator (3.0.1)
  78. distribute (0.6.10)
  79. ethtool (0.6)
  80. firstboot (1.110)
  81. FormEncode (1.3.0)
  82. freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
  83. iniparse (0.3.1)
  84. iotop (0.3.2)
  85. ipapython (3.0.0)
  86. iwlib (1.0)
  87. kerberos (1.0)
  88. lxml (2.2.3)
  89. Mako (0.3.4)
  90. MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
  91. matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
  92. netaddr (0.7.5)
  93. nose (0.10.4)
  94. numpy (1.4.1)
  95. ordereddict (1.2)
  96. paramiko (1.7.5)
  97. pip (1.5.4)
  98. psutil (2.0.0)
  99. pycrypto (2.0.1)
  100. pycurl (7.19.0)
  101. PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
  102. pygpgme (0.1)
  103. pyOpenSSL (0.10)
  104. python-dateutil (1.4.1)
  105. python-default-encoding (0.1)
  106. python-ldap (2.3.10)
  107. python-meh (0.11)
  108. python-nss (0.13)
  109. pytz (2010h)
  110. pyxdg (0.18)
  111. scdate (1.9.60)
  112. sckdump (2.0.5)
  113. scservices (0.99.45)
  114. scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
  115. setuptools (18.2)
  116. slip (0.2.20)
  117. slip.dbus (0.2.20)
  118. slip.gtk (0.2.20)
  119. Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
  120. SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
  121. SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
  122. urlgrabber (3.9.1)
  123. yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
  124. [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]

  126. #使用pip 显示需要更新的包
  127. # pip list --outdated
  128. Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
  129. psutil (Current: 2.0.0 Latest: 3.1.1)
  130. pip (Current: 1.5.4 Latest: 7.1.2)
  131. matplotlib (Current: 0.99.1.1 Latest: 1.4.3)
  132. iwlib (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.5)
  133. pycrypto (Current: 2.0.1 Latest: 2.6.1)
  134. pyOpenSSL (Current: 0.10 Latest: 0.15.1)
  135. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-default-encoding
  136. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-default-encoding to allow).
  137. python-nss (Current: 0.13 Latest: 0.16.0)
  138. MarkupSafe (Current: 0.9.2 Latest: 0.23)
  139. lxml (Current: 2.2.3 Latest: 3.4.4)
  140. pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
  141. pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.5.1)
  142. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ethtool
  143. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ethtool to allow).
  144. numpy (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 1.9.2)
  145. kerberos (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.2.2)
  146. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement yum-metadata-parser
  147. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external yum-metadata-parser to allow).
  148. python-ldap (Current: 2.3.10 Latest: 2.4.20)
  149. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sckdump
  150. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sckdump to allow).
  151. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ipapython
  152. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ipapython to allow).
  153. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.gtk
  154. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.gtk to allow).
  155. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement firstboot
  156. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external firstboot to allow).
  157. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scdate
  158. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scdate to allow).
  159. Mako (Current: 0.3.4 Latest: 1.0.2)
  160. Beaker (Current: 1.3.1 Latest: 1.7.0)
  161. cas (Current: 0.15 Latest: 1.22)
  162. distribute (Current: 0.6.10 Latest: 0.7.3)
  163. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices.dbus
  164. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices.dbus to allow).
  165. python-dateutil (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 2.4.2)
  166. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sssdconfig
  167. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sssdconfig to allow).
  168. decorator (Current: 3.0.1 Latest: 4.0.2)
  169. nose (Current: 0.10.4 Latest: 1.3.7)
  170. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement freeipa
  171. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external freeipa to allow).
  172. iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)
  173. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.dbus
  174. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.dbus to allow).
  175. netaddr (Current: 0.7.5 Latest: 0.7.15)
  176. paramiko (Current: 1.7.5 Latest: 1.15.2)
  177. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-meh
  178. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-meh to allow).
  179. pytz (Current: 2010h Latest: 2015.4)
  180. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices
  181. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices to allow).
  182. Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement iotop
  183. Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external iotop to allow).
  184. pyxdg (Current: 0.18 Latest: 0.25)
  185. #

  187. #使用pip 升级psutil模块
  188. # pip install --upgrade psutil
  189. Downloading/unpacking psutil from https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz#md5=b34360627efb429cb18a4a3143b18c8c
  190.   Downloading psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz (247kB): 247kB downloaded
  191.   Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py) egg_info for package psutil
  192.     /tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Parameters to load are deprecated. Call .resolve and .require separately.
  193.       import os
  194.     warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
  195.     warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
  196. Installing collected packages: psutil
  197.   Found existing installation: psutil 2.0.0
  198.     Uninstalling psutil:
  199.       Successfully uninstalled psutil
  200.   Running setup.py install for psutil
  201.     building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
  202.     gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_VERSION=311 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_linux.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o
  203.     psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’:
  204.     psutil/_psutil_linux.c:420: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
  205.     gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.so
  206.     building 'psutil._psutil_posix' extension
  207.     gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_posix.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o
  208.     gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.so
  209.     warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
  210.     warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
  211. Successfully installed psutil
  212. Cleaning up...


  215. #使用pip 卸载Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
  216. [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall XlsxWriter
  217. Uninstalling XlsxWriter:
  218.   /usr/bin/vba_extract.py
  219.   /usr/bin/vba_extract.pyc
  220.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
  221.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/METADATA
  222.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/RECORD
  223.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/WHEEL
  224.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/metadata.json
  225.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
  226.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.py
  227.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.pyc
  228.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.py
  229.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.pyc
  230.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.py
  231.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.pyc
  232.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.py
  233.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.pyc
  234.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.py
  235.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.pyc
  236.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.py
  237.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.pyc
  238.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.py
  239.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.pyc
  240.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.py
  241.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.pyc
  242.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.py
  243.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.pyc
  244.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.py
  245.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.pyc
  246.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.py
  247.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.pyc
  248.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.py
  249.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.pyc
  250.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.py
  251.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.pyc
  252.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.py
  253.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.pyc
  254.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.py
  255.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.pyc
  256.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.py
  257.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.pyc
  258.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.py
  259.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.pyc
  260.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.py
  261.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.pyc
  262.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.py
  263.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.pyc
  264.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.py
  265.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.pyc
  266.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.py
  267.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.pyc
  268.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.py
  269.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.pyc
  270.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.py
  271.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.pyc
  272.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.py
  273.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.pyc
  274.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.py
  275.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.pyc
  276.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.py
  277.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.pyc
  278.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.py
  279.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.pyc
  280.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.py
  281.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.pyc
  282.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.py
  283.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.pyc
  284.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.py
  285.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.pyc
  286.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.py
  287.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.pyc
  288.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.py
  289.   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.pyc
  290. Proceed (y/n)? y
  291.   Successfully uninstalled XlsxWriter


来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/24638123/viewspace-1784049/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

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专家姓名：赵飞祥
多年数据库运维和架构经验，对 MySQL、Oracle、PostgreSQL、Greenplum、MongoDB 等多种常见数据库有丰富的运维实践经验，擅长数据库架构设计、维护优化、数据流转、Shell 和 Python 开发；乐于技术交流，网名 yumushui 进行了大量的技术总结和思考分享。

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