手工创建参数文件事例：

查看环境变量：env |grep ORACLE

切换到dbs目录

[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initORCL.ora orapworcl
hc_ORCL.dat init.ora lkORCL spfileorcl.ora

创建一个old目录
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ mkdir old

把spfileorcl.ora 移动到新建立的old目录中
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora old
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initORCL.ora old
hc_ORCL.dat init.ora lkORCL orapworcl

删除initORCL.ora
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ rm -f initORCL.ora
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat hc_ORCL.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL old orapworcl

然后在把old目录中的spfileorcl.ora 拷贝回dbs目录并重命名为spfileabc.ora

[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ cp old/spfileorcl.ora ./spfileabc.ora

然后手工创建一个abc123.ora 并写入内容：spfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileabc.ora

[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ vi abc123.ora

spfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileabc.ora
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"abc123.ora" [New] 1L, 38C written

保存并退出。
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ ls -l
total 44
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 38 Oct 26 08:11 abc123.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Oct 18 16:06 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Oct 18 19:50 hc_ORCL.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 2408 Oct 18 19:32 initdw.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 8385 Sep 11 1998 init.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Oct 18 16:07 lkORCL
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 26 08:08 old
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Oct 18 16:10 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Oct 26 08:09 spfileabc.ora
[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Oct 26 08:11:55 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

exit;

[oracle@mylinux dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

startup命令启动指定PFILE参数
SQL> startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/abc123.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218292 bytes
Variable Size 62916876 bytes
Database Buffers 96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

OK. instance已经启动