oracle 11g acfs
今天做完了安检系统的数据库安装。因为系统管理员不在，所以调试上基本一个人完成，比较绕弯。但是oracle的一个特点是，随着版本的不算升高,安装方面更趋近于傻瓜化。
仅仅靠安装数据库来混数据库管理员的话，就要快失业了……
原来10G的时候还需要设置ssh，现在数据库自己就能搞定了。
不过有个问题需要注意一下，我是在安装的时候，按照以前的文档手工配的ssh，测试也没问题。但是数据库的安装程序总是不让过，说是测试失败。困扰我很久。
后来查错的时候发现，数据库安装程序调用的用shell是bash，/bin/bash。系统里没有，自然找不到。
做了个链接，把ksh连到/bin/bash上，就没问题了。
ln -s /usr/bin/ksh /bin/bash
然后基本没有啥大问题了，有也是参数呀什么的，自己调整一下就OK。打11.2.0.2的补丁的时候，需要先装一下CPU，11.2.0.1.6应该是装到11.2.0.1.2以上就OK。然后才能打补丁，最后转update不然会报错。那时候再装会比较麻烦。
安装注意的问题之后，说一下ASM
11G以后我觉得ASM还是比较好用的，至少比原来的裸设备要简单很多，只要把磁盘画出来就OK了。全部加到ASM里面让数据库自己管理。不用一块一块画裸设备了。好像现在你想画裸设备也不支持。
另外，用ASM的另一个好处是，可以用到免费的并行文件系统了。
原来的时候如果用并行的文件系统。AIX上需要买付费的GPFS。
现在只要装好ASM直接就开块出来共享就好了。
设置也很简单。
记下来备忘：
首先开一块空间出来，按照文件系统层次来说，就是开个逻辑卷出来。
首先进入ASMCMD
ASMCMD>volcreate -G data -s 50G ssmisvol1（搞个50G大小的）
然后看一下：
ASMCMD>volinfo -a
它会映射到系统里，形成一个设备。大体用上面的命令就能看到。
然后在root用户下面执行：
#acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/ssmisvol1-103 /ssmiss
这样据说可以让这个文件系统自动装载。
#mkfs -V acfs /dev/asm/ssmissvol1-103 ssmiss
创建文件系统
#mount -V acfs /dev/asm/ssmisvol1-103 /ssmiss
安装文件系统
这样就大功告成了。为了保险起见，我又在二号机上也执行了一遍在root下面需要执行的东西。
卸载的话，先把文件系统umount下来。
然后反注册
#acfsutil registry -d /ssmiss
然后删除文件系统
#acfssutil rmfs /dev/asm/ssmisvil1-103
关闭逻辑卷
ASMCMD>voldisable -G data ssmisvol1
删除逻辑卷：
ASMCMD>voldelete -G data ssmisvol1
搞定！
#fsck -a -v -y -V acfs /dev/asm/ssmisvol1-103
检查文件系统。
今天是2014-03-13，学习一下acfs基本知识。
oracle acfs 简介：
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) is a multi-platform, scalable file system, and storage management technology that extends Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) functionality to support customer files maintained
outside of Oracle Database. Oracle ACFS supports many database and application files, including executables, database trace files, database alert logs, application reports, BFILEs, and configuration files. Other supported files are video, audio, text, images,
engineering drawings, and other general-purpose application file data.
一、创建acfs文件系统：
1）创建acfs文件系统的前提要求是：
数据库版本为11G R2，已经安装了gi和asm实例且存在磁盘组，磁盘组的属性compatible.asm 是11.2之上，另外compatible.advm为11.2之上
2）创建逻辑卷
在创建acfs文件系统之前需要先创建动态卷（advm），注意在创建动态卷之前必须要加载acfs 文件系统驱动，否则会报错。如果启动acfs volume driver需要使用root权限进行启动。启动之后即可创建卷组。
eg：
SQL> alter diskgroup datagroup2 add volume acfsvol0 size 512M;
alter diskgroup datagroup2 add volume acfsvol0 size 512M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15477: cannot communicate with the volume driver
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
-bash-4.1$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
-bash-4.1$ cd bin/
-bash-4.1$ ./acfsload start
ACFS-9130: Root access required
[root@oracle-one ~]# /ginf/grid/product/11.2.0/grid_1/bin/acfsload start
ACFS-9391: Checking for existing ADVM/ACFS installation.
ACFS-9392: Validating ADVM/ACFS installation files for operating system.
ACFS-9393: Verifying ASM Administrator setup.
ACFS-9308: Loading installed ADVM/ACFS drivers.
ACFS-9154: Loading 'oracleoks.ko' driver.
ACFS-9154: Loading 'oracleadvm.ko' driver.
ACFS-9154: Loading 'oracleacfs.ko' driver.
ACFS-9327: Verifying ADVM/ACFS devices.
ACFS-9156: Detecting control device '/dev/asm/.asm_ctl_spec'.
ACFS-9156: Detecting control device '/dev/ofsctl'.
ACFS-9322: completed
[root@oracle-one ~]#
-bash-4.1$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 13 15:05:24 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> alter diskgroup datagroup2 add volume acfsvol0 size 512M;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
-bash-4.1$ asmcmd -p
ASMCMD [+] > volcreate -G datagroup2 -s 512M acfsvol1
ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -G datagroup2 -a
Diskgroup Name: DATAGROUP2
Volume Name: ACFSVOL0
Volume Device: /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 512
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: MIRROR
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage:
Mountpath:
Volume Name: ACFSVOL1
Volume Device: /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 512
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: MIRROR
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage:
Mountpath:
ASMCMD [+] >
查看卷组信息：
SQL> set linesize 200 SQL> col volume_device for a50 SQL> col volume_name for a40 SQL> select volume_name,size_mb,state,volume_device from v$asm_volume; VOLUME_NAME SIZE_MB STATE VOLUME_DEVICE ---------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------------------------------------------------- ACFSVOL1 512 ENABLED /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142 ACFSVOL0 512 ENABLED /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142 SQL>
3）格式化文件系统为acfs
eg：
[root@oracle-one ~]# /sbin/mkfs -t acfs -n acfsvol0 /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142 mkfs.acfs: version = 11.2.0.4.0 mkfs.acfs: on-disk version = 39.0 mkfs.acfs: volume = /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142 mkfs.acfs: volume size = 536870912 mkfs.acfs: Format complete. [root@oracle-one ~]# /sbin/mkfs -t acfs -n acfsvol1 /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142 mkfs.acfs: version = 11.2.0.4.0 mkfs.acfs: on-disk version = 39.0 mkfs.acfs: volume = /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142 mkfs.acfs: volume size = 536870912 mkfs.acfs: Format complete. [root@oracle-one ~]#
4)注册acfs文件系统信息；
[root@oracle-one ~]# mkdir -p /ginf/grid/acfs acfssystem/ acfsvolume/ [root@oracle-one ~]# mkdir -p /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root [root@oracle-one ~]# mkdir -p /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 [root@oracle-one ~]# /sbin/acfsutil registry -a -f /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142 /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 acfsutil registry: mount point /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 successfully added to Oracle Registry [root@oracle-one ~]# /sbin/acfsutil registry -a -f /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142 /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 acfsutil registry: mount point /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 successfully added to Oracle Registry [root@oracle-one ~]#
5）挂在acfs文件信息：
[root@oracle-one ~]# mount.acfs -o all
[root@oracle-one ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-lv_root
5.0G 3.9G 876M 82% /
tmpfs 1.0G 83M 942M 9% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol02
5.0G 2.2G 2.6G 46% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol03
13G 7.0G 4.8G 60% /opt
/dev/sdf1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /tmp
/dev/sdg1 16G 4.3G 11G 29% /ginf
/dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
/dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
[root@oracle-one ~]#
至此acfs文件系统创建完成。
二）动态扩展acfs文件系统。
acfs可以支持卷组的动态扩展类似aix的chfs -a size=xx directory，只要磁盘组有足够的空间就可进行动态扩展。
eg：
-bash-4.1$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 13 15:23:53 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> col volume_device for a50
SQL> col volume_name for a40
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select volume_name,size_mb,state,volume_device from v$asm_volume;
VOLUME_NAME SIZE_MB STATE VOLUME_DEVICE
---------------------------------------- ---------- -------- --------------------------------------------------
ACFSVOL1 512 ENABLED /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
ACFSVOL0 512 ENABLED /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
SQL> select name ,state,type,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------------------------------ ----------- ------ ---------- ----------
DATAGROUP1 MOUNTED NORMAL 16376 9758
DATAGROUP2 MOUNTED NORMAL 8188 5946
DATAGROUP3 MOUNTED NORMAL 4076 3966
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
-bash-4.1$ exit
[root@oracle-one ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-lv_root
5.0G 3.9G 876M 82% /
tmpfs 1.0G 83M 942M 9% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol02
5.0G 2.2G 2.6G 46% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol03
13G 7.0G 4.8G 60% /opt
/dev/sdf1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /tmp
/dev/sdg1 16G 4.3G 11G 29% /ginf
/dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
/dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
[root@oracle-one ~]# acfsutil size +512m /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
acfsutil size: new file system size: 1073741824 (1024MB)
[root@oracle-one ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-lv_root
5.0G 3.9G 876M 82% /
tmpfs 1.0G 83M 942M 9% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol02
5.0G 2.2G 2.6G 46% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol03
13G 7.0G 4.8G 60% /opt
/dev/sdf1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /tmp
/dev/sdg1 16G 4.3G 11G 29% /ginf
/dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
1.0G 41M 984M 4% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
/dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
[root@oracle-one ~]#
另外还可以动态缩小：
eg：
[root@oracle-one ~]# acfsutil size -512M /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
acfsutil size: new file system size: 536870912 (512MB)
[root@oracle-one ~]#
[root@oracle-one ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-lv_root
5.0G 3.9G 876M 82% /
tmpfs 1.0G 83M 942M 9% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol02
5.0G 2.2G 2.6G 46% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_oracleone-LogVol03
13G 7.0G 4.8G 60% /opt
/dev/sdf1 5.0G 139M 4.6G 3% /tmp
/dev/sdg1 16G 4.3G 11G 29% /ginf
/dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
512M 41M 472M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
/dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
512M 40M 473M 8% /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
[root@oracle-one ~]#
三）查看acfs文件系统信息：
可以通过v$asm_diskgroup,v$asm_volume，v$asm_acfsvolume进行信息查看
SQL> col vol_label for a20 SQL> col fs_name for a40 SQL> select * from v$asm_acfsvolumes; FS_NAME VOL_DEVICE VOL_LABEL PRIMA TOTAL_MB FREE_MB ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ----- ---------- ---------- /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142 acfsvol0 TRUE 512 471.742188 /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142 acfsvol1 TRUE 512 472.742188 SQL>
通过asmcmd查看：
ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -G datagroup2 -a
Diskgroup Name: DATAGROUP2
Volume Name: ACFSVOL0
Volume Device: /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 512
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: MIRROR
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage: ACFS
Mountpath: /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
Volume Name: ACFSVOL1
Volume Device: /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 512
Resize Unit (MB): 32
Redundancy: MIRROR
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage: ACFS
Mountpath: /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
ASMCMD [+] >
ASMCMD [+] > lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED NORMAL N 512 4096 1048576 16376 9758 4094 2832 0 N DATAGROUP1/
MOUNTED NORMAL N 512 4096 1048576 8188 5946 0 2973 0 N DATAGROUP2/
MOUNTED NORMAL N 512 4096 1048576 4076 3966 1019 1473 0 N DATAGROUP3/
ASMCMD [+] >
另外还有一个与acfs文件系统交互的命令acfsutl
eg:
[root@oracle-one ~]# acfsutil info fs
/ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0
ACFS Version: 11.2.0.4.0
flags: MountPoint,Available
mount time: Thu Mar 13 15:15:52 2014
volumes: 1
total size: 536870912
total free: 494657536
primary volume: /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
label: acfsvol0
flags: Primary,Available,ADVM
on-disk version: 39.0
allocation unit: 4096
major, minor: 251, 72707
size: 536870912
free: 494657536
ADVM diskgroup DATAGROUP2
ADVM resize increment: 33554432
ADVM redundancy: mirror
ADVM stripe columns: 4
ADVM stripe width: 131072
compatible.advm: 11.2.0.0.0
number of snapshots: 0
snapshot space usage: 0
replication status: DISABLED
/ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1
ACFS Version: 11.2.0.4.0
flags: MountPoint,Available
mount time: Thu Mar 13 15:15:53 2014
volumes: 1
total size: 536870912
total free: 495706112
primary volume: /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
label: acfsvol1
flags: Primary,Available,ADVM
on-disk version: 39.0
allocation unit: 4096
major, minor: 251, 72706
size: 536870912
free: 495706112
ADVM diskgroup DATAGROUP2
ADVM resize increment: 33554432
ADVM redundancy: mirror
ADVM stripe columns: 4
ADVM stripe width: 131072
number of snapshots: 0
snapshot space usage: 0
replication status: DISABLED
[root@oracle-one ~]#
四）创建文件系统快照保护。
其实创建快照就是类似cp的过程。eg：
root@oracle-one acfsvol0]# dd if=/dev/zero of=./test.log bs=100M count=1; 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.28981 s, 362 MB/s [root@oracle-one acfsvol0]# ls -l total 107584 drwx------ 2 root root 65536 Mar 13 15:15 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Mar 13 15:35 test.log [root@oracle-one acfsvol0]# pwd /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 [root@oracle-one acfsvol0]# acfsutil snap create acfsvol0_bak /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 acfsutil snap create: Snapshot operation is complete. [root@oracle-one acfsvol0]# cd .ACFS [root@oracle-one .ACFS]# ls repl snaps [root@oracle-one .ACFS]# cd snaps/ [root@oracle-one snaps]# pwd /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0/.ACFS/snaps [root@oracle-one snaps]# ls -l total 4 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 13 15:36 acfsvol0_bak [root@oracle-one snaps]# cd acfsvol0_bak/ [root@oracle-one acfsvol0_bak]# ls -l ls: cannot access lost+found: Permission denied total 107520 d????????? ? ? ? ? ? lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104857600 Mar 13 15:35 test.log [root@oracle-one acfsvol0_bak]# pwd /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0/.ACFS/snaps/acfsvol0_bak [root@oracle-one acfsvol0_bak]# ls -h ls: cannot access lost+found: Permission denied lost+found test.log [root@oracle-one acfsvol0_bak]#
删除acfs文件系统快照
eg：
[root@oracle-one snaps]# ls acfsvol0_bak [root@oracle-one snaps]# acfsutil snap delete acfsvol0_bak /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 acfsutil snap delete: Snapshot operation is complete. [root@oracle-one snaps]# ls [root@oracle-one snaps]#
五）卸载acfs文件系统：
1、取消acfs文件系统的注册
[root@oracle-one snaps]# acfsutil registry -d /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 acfsutil registry: successfully removed ACFS mount point /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol0 from Oracle Registry [root@oracle-one snaps]# acfsutil registry -d /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 acfsutil registry: successfully removed ACFS mount point /ginf/grid/acfssystem/acfsvol1 from Oracle Registry [root@oracle-one snaps]#
2、卸载acfs卷
[root@oracle-one ~]# umount -t acfs -a
[root@oracle-one ~]#
如果卸载单个卷umount -t acfs /directory
3、删除acfs
eg：
[root@oracle-one ~]# acfsutil rmfs /dev/asm/acfsvol0-142
[root@oracle-one ~]# acfsutil rmfs /dev/asm/acfsvol1-142
[root@oracle-one ~]#
4、disable 卷组并 删除卷组：
eg：
-bash-4.1$ asmcmd voldisable -G datagroup2 -a
-bash-4.1$ asmcmd voldelete -G datagroup2 acfsvol0
-bash-4.1$ asmcmd voldelete -G datagroup2 acfsvol1
-bash-4.1$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 13 15:44:50 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> select * from v$asm_volume;
no rows selected
SQL> select * from v$asm_acfsvolumes;
no rows selected
SQL>
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/235507/viewspace-1133833/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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