Oracle数据库克隆,也叫着Oracle数据库复制,可以通过基于用户管理的方式来完成,也可以基于RMAN方式来实现。而且Oracle建议使用RMAN方式来实现,因为它简单易用,隐藏其复杂的逻辑,仅仅是执行一条duplicate命令就可以喝茶了。当然,前期的准备工作也是不可少滴,如创建相应的dump目录,准备参数文件,配置监听等等。本文描述了Oracle 11g下如何使用RMAN实现同机克隆数据库。
1、RMAN克隆的几种类型
a、利用RMAN备份克隆并访问目标数据库(也就是原数据库),也就是复制期间由Oracle net与目标数据库保持连接
b、利用RMAN备份克隆不访问目标数据库,比如网络不通阿,目标数据库不可用等等,总之是人为或故障使得与目标库失去连接
c、直接使用活动数据库(active)进行克隆,实时备份加克隆,够牛滴!
2、RMAN克隆做了什么?
RMAN克隆根据需要连接或不连接到目标数据库后,需要连接一个辅助实例。这个辅助实例也就是我们复制后的实例。
我们知道任何一个数据库至少有一个实例与之对应,如果是RAC环境则可以多个实例对应一个数据库。
因此,我们在克隆数据库之前先建一个nomount状态的辅助实例用于分配内存等等一系列的后台进程啦。
有了实例就好办啦,RMAN为这个辅助实例生成控制文件,基于这个实例上还原数据库,恢复数据库等等不拉不拉的N多操作。
那这个N多操作靠谁呢,那就是发布命令: duplicate target databaseto aux_db
那RMAN如何连接到辅助实例呢? 与连接target或catalog方式类似,connect auxiliary name/pwd@tnsstring
通常情况下,对于磁盘备份还原操作,RMAN会自动创建及分配相应的通道,辅助实例也不例外,当然是自动分配辅助通道
而在磁带介质就麻烦一点了,需要手工来指定其通道,并行度等等。
下面简要描述一下RMAN克隆不同阶段都作了什么吧,关于克隆数据库时数据文件位置转换请参考: RMAN 数据库克隆文件位置转换方法
a、RMAN确定备份的属性,位置等等,也就备份存在性,可用等等了。
b、RMAN为辅助实例分配通道及辅助通道的参数设置
c、RMAN还原数据文件到辅助实例(此时使用了目标数据库控制文件)
d、RMAN构建辅助实例的控制文件
e、根据需要还原归档日志并进行相应的介质恢复
f、重置辅助实例的dbid,并使用open resetlog方式打开数据库,此时会创建相应的联机重做日志文件
3、RMAN克隆大致步骤
a、备份目标数据库(根据需要克隆类型而定,异机的话ftp一下,此步也可以置于步骤e之后,f之前)
b、创建相应的dump文件夹
c、配置辅助实例参数文件
d、生成辅助实例密码文件
e、配置辅助实例监听
f、实施数据库克隆(辅助实例启动到nomount状态后)
h、验证结果
4、RMAN同机克隆亲密接触
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[oracle@linux3 database]$ cat /etc/issue
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Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Carthage)
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Kernel \r on an \m
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SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
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BANNER
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Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
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a、备份目标数据库
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SQL> insert into t select 'Jackson','Transfer DB by rman' from dual;
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SQL> commit;
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SQL> select * from t;
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NAME ACTION
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Robinson Transfer DB
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Jackson Transfer DB by rman
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SQL> alter system archive log current;
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ rman target /
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Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 25 08:39:42 2013
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Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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connected to target database: SYBO3 (DBID=2347733014)
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RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete input;
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piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130725T083957_8z0wyy9n_.bkp
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tag=TAG20130725T083957 comment=NONE
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channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
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piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130725T083959_8z0wz06c_.bkp
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tag=TAG20130725T083959 comment=NONE
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channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:30
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Finished backup at 2013/07/25 08:41:29
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Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013/07/25 08:41:31
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piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/autobackup/2013_07_25/o1_mf_s_821695291_8z0x1vsf_.bkp comment=NONE
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Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2013/07/25 08:41:34
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b、创建相应的dump文件夹
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[oracle@linux3 database]$ more sybo5.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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mkdir -p /u01/database
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/adump
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/controlf
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/flash_recovery_area
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/oradata
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/redo
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/dpdump
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mkdir -p /u01/database/sybo5/pfile
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[oracle@linux3 database]$ ./sybo5.sh
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c、配置辅助实例参数文件
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SQL> create pfile='/u01/oracle/db_1/dbs/initsybo5.ora' from spfile;
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$ sed -i 's/sybo3/sybo5/g' $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsybo5.ora
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$ grep sybo3 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsybo5.ora
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[oracle@linux3 database]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsybo5.ora
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sybo5.__db_cache_size=113246208
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sybo5.__java_pool_size=4194304
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sybo5.__large_pool_size=4194304
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sybo5.__oracle_base='/u01/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
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sybo5.__pga_aggregate_target=142606336
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sybo5.__sga_target=234881024
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sybo5.__shared_io_pool_size=0
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sybo5.__shared_pool_size=104857600
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sybo5.__streams_pool_size=0
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*.audit_file_dest='/u01/database/sybo5/adump/'
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*.audit_trail='db'
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*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
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*.control_files='/u01/database/sybo5/controlf/control01.ctl','/u01/database/sybo5/controlf/control02.ctl'
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*.db_block_size=8192
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*.db_domain='orasrv.com'
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*.db_name='sybo5'
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*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/database/sybo5/flash_recovery_area/'
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*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
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*.dg_broker_config_file1='/u01/database/sybo5/db_broker/dr1sybo5.dat'
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*.dg_broker_config_file2='/u01/database/sybo5/db_broker/dr2sybo5.dat'
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*.dg_broker_start=FALSE
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*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/database/sybo5'
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*.log_archive_dest_1='' #此处未指定archive位置,使用缺省的闪回区
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*.memory_target=374341632
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*.open_cursors=300
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*.processes=150
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*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
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*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
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d、生成辅助实例密码文件
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$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsybo5 password=oracle entries=10
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e、配置辅助实例监听
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
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# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
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# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
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SID_LIST_LISTENER_SYBO5 =
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(SID_LIST =
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(SID_DESC =
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(GLOBAL_DBNAME = sybo5.orasrv.com)
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(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db_1)
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(SID_NAME = sybo5)
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)
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)
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SID_LIST_LISTENER_SYBO3 =
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(SID_LIST =
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(SID_DESC =
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(GLOBAL_DBNAME = sybo3.orasrv.com)
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(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db_1)
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(SID_NAME = sybo3)
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)
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)
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LISTENER_SYBO5 =
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(DESCRIPTION =
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(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux3.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1532))
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)
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ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SYBO5 = /u01/oracle
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LISTENER_SYBO3 =
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(DESCRIPTION =
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(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux3.orasrv.com)(PORT = 1531))
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)
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ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SYBO3 = /u01/oracle
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
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# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
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# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
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SYBO5 =
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(DESCRIPTION =
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(ADDRESS_LIST =
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(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.25)(PORT = 1532))
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)
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(CONNECT_DATA =
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(SERVICE_NAME = SYBO5.ORASRV.COM)
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)
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)
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SYBO3 =
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(DESCRIPTION =
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(ADDRESS_LIST =
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(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.25)(PORT = 1531))
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)
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(CONNECT_DATA =
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(SERVICE_NAME = SYBO3.ORASRV.COM)
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)
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)
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f、实施数据库克隆
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=sybo5
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
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SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/oracle/db_1/dbs/initsybo5.ora;
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ORACLE instance started.
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[oracle@linux3 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@sybo3 auxiliary sys/oracle@sybo5
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Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 25 14:32:51 2013
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Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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connected to target database: SYBO3 (DBID=2347733014)
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connected to auxiliary database: SYBO5 (not mounted)
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RMAN> run{
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2> set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/system01.dbf';
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3> set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf';
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4> set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf';
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5> set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf';
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6> set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf';
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7> set newname for tempfile 1 to '/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/temp01.dbf';
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8> duplicate target database to sybo5
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9> logfile
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10> group 1 ('/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo01a.log','/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo01b.log') size 10m,
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11> group 2 ('/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo02a.log','/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo02b.log') size 10m,
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12> group 3 ('/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo03a.log','/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo03b.log') size 10m;
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13> switch datafile all;
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14> }
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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Starting Duplicate Db at 2013/07/25 14:33:14
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using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
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allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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sql clone "create spfile from memory";
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}
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executing Memory Script
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sql statement: create spfile from memory
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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shutdown clone immediate;
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startup clone nomount;
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}
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executing Memory Script
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Oracle instance shut down
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connected to auxiliary database (not started)
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Oracle instance started
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Total System Global Area 376635392 bytes
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Fixed Size 1336652 bytes
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Variable Size 260049588 bytes
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Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
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Redo Buffers 6197248 bytes
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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sql clone "alter system set db_name =
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''SYBO3'' comment=
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''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
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sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
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''SYBO5'' comment=
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''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
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shutdown clone immediate;
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startup clone force nomount
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restore clone primary controlfile;
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alter clone database mount;
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}
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executing Memory Script
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sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''SYBO3'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
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sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''SYBO5'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
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Oracle instance shut down
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Oracle instance started
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Total System Global Area 376635392 bytes
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Fixed Size 1336652 bytes
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Variable Size 260049588 bytes
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Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
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Redo Buffers 6197248 bytes
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Starting restore at 2013/07/25 14:33:29
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allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/autobackup/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_s_821695291_8z0x1vsf_.bkp
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/autobackup/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_s_821695291_8z0x1vsf_.bkp tag=TAG20130725T084131
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
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output file name=/u01/database/sybo5/controlf/control01.ctl
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output file name=/u01/database/sybo5/controlf/control02.ctl
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Finished restore at 2013/07/25 14:33:30
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database mounted
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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set until scn 886687;
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set newname for datafile 1 to
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"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/system01.dbf";
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set newname for datafile 2 to
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"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf";
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set newname for datafile 3 to
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"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf";
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set newname for datafile 4 to
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"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf";
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set newname for datafile 5 to
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"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf";
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restore
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clone database
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;
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}
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executing Memory Script
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executing command: SET until clause
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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executing command: SET NEWNAME
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Starting restore at 2013/07/25 14:33:35
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using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/system01.dbf
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130725T083959_8z0wz06c_.bkp
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130725T083959_8z0wz06c_.bkp tag=TAG20130725T083959
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
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Finished restore at 2013/07/25 14:34:50
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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switch clone datafile all;
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}
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executing Memory Script
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datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
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input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=821716490 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/system01.dbf
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datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
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input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=821716491 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
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datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
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input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=821716491 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
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datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
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input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=821716491 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf
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datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
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input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=821716491 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf
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contents of Memory Script:
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{
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set until scn 886687;
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recover
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clone database
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delete archivelog
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;
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}
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executing Memory Script
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executing command: SET until clause
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Starting recover at 2013/07/25 14:34:51
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using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
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starting media recovery
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archived log for thread 1 with sequence 16 is already on disk as file /u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/
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archivelog/2013_07_25/o1_mf_1_16_8z16rk6o_.arc
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log
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archived log thread=1 sequence=15
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130725T084129_8z0x1syh_.bkp
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/backupset/2013_07_25/
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o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130725T084129_8z0x1syh_.bkp tag=TAG20130725T084129
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
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channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
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archived log file name=/u01/database/sybo5/flash_recovery_area/SYBO5/archivelog/2013_07_25/o1_mf_1_15_8z1krh5x_.arc thread=1 sequence=15
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channel clone_default: deleting archived log(s)
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archived log file name=/u01/database/sybo5/flash_recovery_area/SYBO5/archivelog/2013_07_25/o1_mf_1_15_8z1krh5x_.arc RECID=12 STAMP=821716495
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archived log file name=/u01/database/sybo3/flash_recovery_area/SYBO3/archivelog/2013_07_25/o1_mf_1_16_8z16rk6o_.arc thread=1 sequence=16
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media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
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Finished recover at 2013/07/25 14:35:00
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-
contents of Memory Script:
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{
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shutdown clone immediate;
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startup clone nomount;
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sql clone "alter system set db_name =
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''SYBO5'' comment=
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''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
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sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
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shutdown clone immediate;
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startup clone nomount;
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}
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executing Memory Script
-
-
database dismounted
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Oracle instance shut down
-
-
-
-
-
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
-
Oracle instance started
-
-
Total System Global Area 376635392 bytes
-
-
Fixed Size 1336652 bytes
-
Variable Size 260049588 bytes
-
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
-
Redo Buffers 6197248 bytes
-
-
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''SYBO5'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
-
-
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
-
-
Oracle instance shut down
-
-
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
-
Oracle instance started
-
-
Total System Global Area 376635392 bytes
-
-
Fixed Size 1336652 bytes
-
Variable Size 260049588 bytes
-
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
-
Redo Buffers 6197248 bytes
-
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "SYBO5" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
-
MAXLOGFILES 16
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MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
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MAXDATAFILES 100
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MAXINSTANCES 8
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MAXLOGHISTORY 292
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LOGFILE
-
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo01a.log', '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo01b.log' ) SIZE 10 M ,
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GROUP 2 ( '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo02a.log', '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo02b.log' ) SIZE 10 M ,
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GROUP 3 ( '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo03a.log', '/u01/database/sybo5/redo/redo03b.log' ) SIZE 10 M
-
DATAFILE
-
'/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/system01.dbf'
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CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
-
-
contents of Memory Script:
-
{
-
set newname for tempfile 1 to
-
"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/temp01.dbf";
-
switch clone tempfile all;
-
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf",
-
"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf",
-
"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf",
-
"/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf";
-
switch clone datafile all;
-
}
-
executing Memory Script
-
-
executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/database/sybo5/oradata/temp01.dbf in control file
-
-
cataloged datafile copy
-
datafile copy file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=821716521
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cataloged datafile copy
-
datafile copy file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=821716521
-
cataloged datafile copy
-
datafile copy file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=821716521
-
cataloged datafile copy
-
datafile copy file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=821716521
-
-
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
-
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=821716521 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
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datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
-
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=821716521 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
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datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
-
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=821716521 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/users01.dbf
-
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
-
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=821716521 file name=/u01/database/sybo5/oradata/example01.dbf
-
-
contents of Memory Script:
-
{
-
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
-
}
-
executing Memory Script
-
-
database opened
-
Finished Duplicate Db at 2013/07/25 14:35:36
-
-
-
[oracle@linux3 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=sybo5
-
[oracle@linux3 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
-
-
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 25 14:38:21 2013
-
-
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
-
-
Connected to:
-
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
-
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-
-
SQL> select * from t;
-
-
NAME ACTION
-
-
Robinson Transfer DB
-
Jackson Transfer DB by rman
-
-
SQL> select name,dbid,open_mode from v$database;
-
-
NAME DBID OPEN_MODE
-
-
SYBO5 2292457546 READ WRITE
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:https://blog.itpub.net/23490154/viewspace-1062386/
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