原因：
metalink说明：Client is able to resolve all Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) SCAN and VIP name but not short ones(without domain name) as its in different domain;
even though FQDN names were specified during Grid Infrastructure setup, due to bug 9150053 by default DBCA set database parameter local_listener to short node VIP name
while database is created.
因此只要把数据库实例参数local_listener内的host改为vip的IP地址即可
show parameter local_listener
alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.137.11)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='ORCL1';
alter system register;
alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.137.21)(PORT=1521))))' scope=both sid='ORCL2';
alter system register;
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