一、10g上手工建库
建库口绝分四步：
1、创建目录，赋予权限；
2、创建初始化文件；
3、启动数据库至nomount状态，执行建库脚本；
4、执行三个脚本，创建用户默认表空间；
先看第一步（即:创建目录，赋予权限）
--连接oracle用户，进入$ORACLE_BASE/oradata目录下：
[root@gc1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@gc1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ls
PROD yj
--在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata目录下创建BOB目录，并赋予755权限及分配相关用户组（oracle:oinstall）
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ mkdir BOB
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ls -lt
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:10 BOB
drwxr-xr-x 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 19 2012 PROD
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 6 2012 yj
--假若BOB目录以上权限和所在用户及组不对，可用下面命令进行相关修改，另外建库需要755权限
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ chmod -R 755 BOB
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ls -lt
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:10 BOB
drwxr-xr-x 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 19 2012 PROD
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 6 2012 yj
--在BOB目录下创建5个disk目录及3个dump目录
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ cd BOB
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ mkdir disk1 disk2 disk3 disk4 disk5 bdump cdump udump
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ ls -lt
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 bdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 cdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 disk1
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 disk2
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 disk3
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 disk4
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 disk5
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 31 22:12 udump
第二步：创建初始化参数文件（pfile文件）
口绝：山的车又又又被（当铺）吃
--进入初始化参数文件存放路径，创建initBOB.ora初始化参数文件
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ ls
??7?.txt ha hc_PROD.dat hc_yj.dat initdw.ora init.ora initPROD.ora lkPROD lkYJ orapwPROD orapwyj spfileyj.ora
--vi编辑初始化参数文件（注意初始化参数文件命名为init+oracle_sid.ora）
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ vi initBOB.ora
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/control01.ctl'
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs
user_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/udump
background_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/bdump
core_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/cdump
initBOB.ora [+] 22,0-1 40%
:wq
:
:~
:~
:~
:~
command-line 2,2 All
"initBOB.ora" [New] 47L, 429C written
--查看刚新建的初始化参数文件（注意检查有没错误）
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ more initBOB.ora
sga_target=400M
db_name=BOB
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/control01.ctl'
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs
user_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/udump
background_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/bdump
core_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/cdump
第三步：启库至nomount状态，执行建库脚本
--启动数据库至nomount状态，查看告警日志文件存放路径
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=BOB
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 31 22:33:55 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 419430400 bytes
Fixed Size 1219760 bytes
Variable Size 121635664 bytes
Database Buffers 293601280 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> show parameter dump
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump string partial
background_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/bd
ump
core_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/cd
ump
max_dump_file_size string UNLIMITED
shadow_core_dump string partial
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/ud
ump
--新开一连接窗口，查看告警日志信息如下：
[root@gc1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@gc1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ls
BOB PROD yj
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ cd BOB
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ ls
bdump cdump disk1 disk2 disk3 disk4 disk5 udump
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB
[oracle@gc1 BOB]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/bdump
[oracle@gc1 bdump]$ ls
alert_BOB.log
[oracle@gc1 bdump]$ tail -f alert_BOB.log
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=4383
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=4385
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=4387
DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=4389
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=4391
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=4393
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=4395
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=4397
MMON started with pid=10, OS id=4399
MMNL started with pid=11, OS id=4401
--查看官方文档（），copy并修改建库脚本
官方文档查找方式如下：
点进去后，搜索 create a如下：
再找到
最后点进去，找到下面这段sql:
然后copy这段sql,并做以下一些修改：
1、删除2个user、5个max及default tablespace部分内容；
2、修改数据库名及对应的日志文件（注意日志文件一般最少存二份）与数据文件存放路径；
3、修改字符集（一般用zhs16gbk）；
4、修改undo tablespace表空间名，注意建库中undo表空间名，一定要与之前initBOB.ora初始化参数文件中定义的undo_tablespace名保持一致，否则会建库失败。
按以上方式修改后的建库脚本如下：
CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
--执行建库脚本
SQL> CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
2 3 4 5 6 GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
8 CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
9 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
10 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
11 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
12 SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
13 DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
14 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
15 SIZE 20M REUSE
16 UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
17 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
18 SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
Database created.
--执行建库sql后告警日志信息如下：
CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Tue Apr 1 00:13:27 2014
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Tue Apr 1 00:16:16 2014
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 25537186
Assigning activation ID 25537186 (0x185aaa2)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 1: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
Tue Apr 1 00:16:17 2014
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Tue Apr 1 00:16:17 2014
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Tue Apr 1 00:16:17 2014
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
Tue Apr 1 00:16:52 2014
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
Tue Apr 1 00:16:52 2014
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Tue Apr 1 00:17:02 2014
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Tue Apr 1 00:17:17 2014
create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Tue Apr 1 00:17:43 2014
Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Tue Apr 1 00:17:43 2014
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
Tue Apr 1 00:17:44 2014
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Tue Apr 1 00:17:44 2014
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Tue Apr 1 00:17:47 2014
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Tue Apr 1 00:17:51 2014
Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=13663
Tue Apr 1 00:17:54 2014
Completed: CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
第四步：执行三个脚本，创建用户默认表空间
sysdba用户执行 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin目录下的catalog.sql（创建数据字典）与catproc.sql（创建存储过程）脚本，
system用户执行$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin目录下的pupbld.sql脚本（让其它用户如scott可登录系统）
--执行catalog.sql脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
--执行catproc.sql脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
--执行pupbld.sql脚本（必须用system用户，且非sysdba权限）
SQL> conn system/manager
Connected.
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
--查看数据库当前连接状态及表空间与数据文件
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select instance_name,status,host_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS HOST_NAME
---------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
BOB OPEN gc1
1 row selected.
SQL> select tablespace_name,contents,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ --------- ---------
SYSTEM PERMANENT ONLINE
UNDOTBS UNDO ONLINE
SYSAUX PERMANENT ONLINE
TEMPTS1 TEMPORARY ONLINE
4 rows selected.
SQL> col name for a50;
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/undotbs01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf
3 rows selected.
--创建users表空间，并将其设为默认表空间
SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/users01.dbf' size
2 50m autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database default tablespace users;
Database altered.
到此为止，手工建库已完成。
二、建库失败，要重新建库怎么办？
1、shutdown abort数据库；
2、删除oradata下该数据库名（BOB）的文件夹及其文件；
3、修改初始化参数文件中的undo_tablespace名（不可于建库失败那次的重名）及相应的建库脚本中的undo tablespace名称（与初始化参数文件保持一致）；
4、修改建库脚本中的TEMPORARY TABLESPACE名（不可于建库失败那次的重名）。
三、11g、12C手工建库与10g区别
11g、12C建库方式一样，与10g的区别在于初始化参数文件的创建及建库脚本不同。下面分别附上11g初始化参数文件与建库脚本
--11g初始化参数文件内容如下（红色字体为10g不同部分）：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ more initBOB.ora
memory_target=800M
db_name=BOB
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/control01.ctl'
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/dump
即10g的sga_target改为mermory_target，且11g需设为800M，另外10g中三个dump目录，在11g中只需设一个，且名为diagnostic_dest。
--11g官方建库脚本
CREATE DATABASE mynewdb USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
修改方式与10g一样，只是可以保留default tablespace users部分内容（10g中因为没有设定users表空间的datafiles，所以有bug，需删掉这部分内容），修改后内容如下：
CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
--查看告警日志信息
SQL> select instance_name,status,host_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS HOST_NAME
---------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
BOB STARTED localhost.localdomain
SQL> show parameter dump
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump string partial
background_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/du
mp/diag/rdbms/bob/BOB/trace
core_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/du
mp/diag/rdbms/bob/BOB/cdump
max_dump_file_size string unlimited
shadow_core_dump string partial
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/du
mp/diag/rdbms/bob/BOB/trace
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/dump/diag/rdbms/bob/BOB/trace
[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls
alert_BOB.log BOB_mman_3241.trc BOB_mman_3241.trm BOB_ora_3183.trc BOB_ora_3183.trm BOB_vktm_3227.trc BOB_vktm_3227.trm
[oracle@localhost trace]$ tail -f alert_BOB.log
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=3249
Mon Feb 24 19:17:40 2014
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=3253
Mon Feb 24 19:17:40 2014
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=3255
Mon Feb 24 19:17:40 2014
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=3251
Mon Feb 24 19:17:40 2014
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=3245
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /u01/app/oracle
Mon Feb 24 19:31:55 2014
CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Mon Feb 24 19:32:55 2014
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 22260907
Assigning activation ID 22260907 (0x153acab)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 1: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
Mon Feb 24 19:32:56 2014
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Mon Feb 24 19:32:56 2014
SMON: enabling cache recovery
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dcore.bsq
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
Mon Feb 24 19:33:18 2014
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsqlddl.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dmanage.bsq
CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE
Mon Feb 24 19:33:52 2014
Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dplsql.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Mon Feb 24 19:34:28 2014
Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dfmap.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/denv.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drac.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsec.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/doptim.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dobj.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/djava.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dpart.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drep.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/daw.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsummgt.bsq
Mon Feb 24 19:34:41 2014
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtools.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dexttab.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddm.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dlmnr.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddst.bsq
Mon Feb 24 19:34:45 2014
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Starting background process SMCO
Mon Feb 24 19:34:48 2014
SMCO started with pid=18, OS id=3438
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Mon Feb 24 19:34:52 2014
QMNC started with pid=19, OS id=3440
Completed: CREATE DATABASE BOB
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo01.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo02.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk1/redo03.log',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk2/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk5/users01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk4/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BOB/disk3/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
四、dbca建库（10g）
--root用户打开图形画界面，oracle用户执行dbca
--进入图形画界面后，共有13步，比较简单，在此不详述，注意字符集设置为zhs16gbk。
另外，说下dbca删库
手工创建的数据库，在执行dbca删库时，图形界面不会显示出来，
可通过编辑/etc/oratab文件，加上一段代码（红色内容），如下：
[oracle@gc1 etc]$ vi oratab
#
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates
# the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME::
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
yj:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
ZHEN:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
BOB:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
保存后，再次执行dbca删库，就可以看到了。
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/21251711/viewspace-1139017/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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