第五章 RMAN环境配置

1. 配置Flash Recovery Area（快速恢复区）

Flash Recovery Area（快速恢复区）：主要存放

Online redo log（文件夹：onlinelog）

控制文件

归档日志文件（文件夹：archivelog）

RMAN文件（文件夹：backupset）

A．以下命令都会在Flash Recovery Area产生Online redo log：

l CREATE DATABASE

l ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE

l ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE

l ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

初始化参数决定的位置：

l DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n #online redo log 位置

l DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST #快速恢复区文件位置

l DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST # OMF文件位置

B．控制文件

初始化参数决定的位置：

l CONTROL_FILES

l DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n

l DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

l DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

C．归档日志

如果希望使用Flash Recovery Area,则不能使用初始化参数（LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST）

D． REDO LOG文件的位置规则

l 如果设置了LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST（或LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST），则保存归档日志到指定位置；

l 如果DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST被指定，而LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n没有指定，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10是默认的快速恢复区位置

l 如果设置参数LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n，则会归档到该指定位置，而不会归档到闪回区的默认位置；当然，你也可以将闪回区指定为该参数的归档位置LOCATION = USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_ DEST

l 如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n, or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST都没有指定，则有OS系统默认位置（各系统不同），如，?/dbs，?/dbs/arch

E．归档日志文件名格式：LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT

2. 配置media 管理器备份

media 管理器是第三方软件，通常用于管理磁带等备份设备；

A. RMAN使用media管理器的先决条件：支持oracle RMAN并能与其通信

B. 定位media管理器libray：SBT_LIBRARY参数

SBT_LIBRARY提供媒体管理器软件的库位置:

unix: $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libobk.so

windows: %ORACLE_HOME%\bin\orasbt.dll

如果不能定位，则会报错ORA-27211

Whenever channel allocation fails, the database writes a trace file to the USER_DUMP_DEST directory. The following shows sample output:

SKGFQ OSD: Error in function sbtinit on line 2278

SKGFQ OSD: Look for SBT Trace messages in file /oracle/rdbms/log/sbtio.log

SBT Initialize failed for /oracle/lib/libobk.so

C. 测试媒体管理器library整合正确

l 为RMAN备份配置媒体管理软件

BACKUP命令中分配channel的FORMAT

ALLOCATE CHANNEL、CONFIGURE CHANNEL

环境变量：PARMS='ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=oracle_tapes)'

备份片名称：由format指定，默认为%U

%U：是%u_%p_%c的简写形式，利用它可以为每一个备份片段（即磁盘文件）生成一个唯一名称，这是最常用的命名方式；

备份片大小：MAXPIECESIZE

l 测试allocate channel

例如：

RUN

{ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so

ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

}

如果不成功，则报错ORA-27211,例如：

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of allocate command on c1 channel at 11/30/2001 13:57:18

ORA-19554: error allocating device, device type: SBT_TAPE, device name:

ORA-27211: Failed to load Media Management Library

Additional information: 25

或者：

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)' FORMAT "BACKUP_%U";

RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

l 测试备份到媒体管理器

RUN

{

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

}

D. 配置SBT通道

c

3. 配置通道

默认情况下，RMAN会自动配置磁盘通道用于备份与恢复；你也可以手动配置通道来提升性能；

l 配置channel并行

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; # default backup device is tape

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # configure two tape channels

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE; # backup goes to two tapes, in two parallel streams

l 配置channel设备类型

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '?/bkup_%U';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2G;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = /tmp/%U;

l show

RMAN> SHOW CHANNEL;

SHOW DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE; # shows the CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE setting

SHOW DEVICE TYPE; # shows the CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... PARALLELISM settings

l 手动配置channel

RMAN> RUN

{

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP TABLESPACE users;

}

l 为设备配置特定channel

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; # backup goes to sbt

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # two sbt channels will be allocated by default

# Assume media manager takes NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL to

# specify a pool

# Configure channel 1 to pool named first_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=first_pool)';

# configure channel 2 to pool named second_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=second_pool)';

BACKUP DATABASE; # first stream goes to 'first_pool' and second to 'second_pool'

l 混合channel

# disk channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '/tmp/backup_%U';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 20M;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 40M;

# sbt channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 3;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=?/oradata)';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=/tmp)';

l 恢复channel默认值

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL n DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR (where n is an integer)

4. 配置备份集和备份片的最大尺寸

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 7500K;

BACKUP TABLESPACE tools MAXSETSIZE 5G;

5. 配置备份优化

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION CLEAR;

6. 配置多备份

# Makes 2 disk copies of each datafile and control file backup set

# (autobackups excluded)

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 2;

# Makes 3 copies of every archived redo log backup to tape

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

BACKUP DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U', '?/dbs/%U', '?/oradata/%U';

SHOW DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES; # shows CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES setting

7. 配置排除表空间的数据库备份

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

ONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example;

BACKUP DATABASE NOEXCLUDE;

BACKUP TABLESPACE cwmlite, example; # backs up only cwmlite and example

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite CLEAR;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example CLEAR;

8. 配置辅助数据库的数据文件名

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR datafileSpec TO 'filename';

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/newdisk/datafiles/df2.df;'

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 CLEAR;

RMAN> SHOW AUXNAME;

9. 设置快照控制文件位置

当RMAN需要从一个读一致版本的控制文件重新同步，才会创建控制文件快照；RMAN只有以下2种情况下才会需要控制文件快照：从恢复目录重新同步、用当前控制文件备份；

默认快照名：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/snapcf_@.f

SHOW SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME; # shows CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE setting

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5';

10. RMAN共享服务器设置

tnsname.ora:

inst1_shs =

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=inst1_host)(port1521))

(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=inst1)(SERVER=shared))

)

RMAN命令列表

@

@@

ALLOCATE CHANNEL

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE

archivelogRecordSpecifier

fileNameConversionSpec

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Oracle 10g备份与恢复高级用户指南--第五章 RMAN环境配置

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