在图形界面，我们已经习惯了使用dbca来创建监听了。其实，手工创建监听也是很简单的事情。
配置监听文件，这个我们可以从$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/samples下面找到监听的模板，里面有各种监听参数的说明，我们只要根据自己的需要配置就可以了。
[oracle@r11g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@r11g admin]$ cd samples/
[oracle@r11g samples]$ cp listener.ora ../
编辑该listener.ora文本，下面是一个比较典型的监听文件。
[oracle@r11g admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION= 
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)) 
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=db)
      (SID_NAME=db)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
     )
  )
listener.ora文件主要分为两大模块，listener和sid_list_listener。
listener主要包含监听名字、连接协议、监听主机、监听端口等监听的基本信息
sid_list_listener主要包含数据库服务名、ORACLE_HOME、实例名等信息

监听常用命令，我们可以在主机打入lsnrctl，然后在输入help可以获得该命令的帮助
[oracle@r11g admin]$ lsnrctl 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 16-DEC-2013 14:23:26
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> help
The following operations are available
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:
start               stop                status              
services            version             reload              
save_config         trace               spawn               
change_password     quit                exit                
set*                show*               
监听的常用命令：
1)启动监听 lsnrctl start [listener_name]
2)关闭监听 lsnrctl stop [listener_name]
3)查看监听状态 lsnrctl status [listener_name]
4)查看监听服务 lsnrctl service [listener_name]
5)重新装载 lsnrctl reload [listener_name]
如果监听使用默认名称LISTENER，则命令后面的listener_name名称可以省略。

在linux或者unix下，可以使用ps -ef | grep tnslsnr 来检查监听是否使用别名。使用别名的好处之一就是比较明显的却分各个监听的用处。
[oracle@r11g admin]$ ps -ef | grep tnslsnr
oracle   63515     1  0 14:38 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle   63532 63306  0 14:43 pts/0    00:00:00 grep tnslsnr

使用别名：
alias1 =
  (DESCRIPTION= 
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)) 
    )
  )
SID_LIST_alias1=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=db)
      (SID_NAME=db)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
     )
  )

配置中的关键字解析
PROTOCOL 指的是监听接受连接的协议
HOST 指的是监听运行的主机或者IP地址
PORT 指的是监听运行的端口
SID_NAME 指的是监听服务的实例名
GLOBAL_NAME 指的是监听服务的服务名
ORACLE_HOME 指的是监听服务的$ORACLE_HOME目录

启动监听
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/r11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                16-DEC-2013 14:38:37
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/r11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "db" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

查看监听状态
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                16-DEC-2013 14:38:37
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 28 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/r11g/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=r11g)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "db" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

客户端连接测试
1)配置客户端连接
db =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.24.22.61)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = db)
    )
  )
2)tnsping测试链路是否通
C:\Users\thinkpad>tnsping db
TNS Ping Utility for 64-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-DEC-2013 14:47:21
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
D:\oracle11_64\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.24.22.61
)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = db)))
OK (10 msec)
3)使用sqlplus远程登录
C:\Users\thinkpad>sqlplus "sys/oracle@db as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 14:48:22 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:

处理该问题，首先检查v$pwfile_users视图
SQL> select * from  v$pwfile_users;
no rows selected
添加密码文件
[oracle@r11g dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdb password=oracle entries=30 force=y
在此检查v$pwfile_users视图
SQL> select * from  v$pwfile_users;
USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS                            TRUE  TRUE  FALSE
再次登录测试
C:\Users\thinkpad>sqlplus sys/oracle@db as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 14:55:34 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>

问题解决。我们的监听也配置成功